Waste Characteristics and Volumes CNMP Core Curriculum Section 3 – Manure and Wastewater Storage and Handling

CNMP Development Core Training Curriculum These course materials have been developed as a cooperative effort between five land-grant universities and The Natural Resources Conservation Service. Ames, Iowa 50011, (515) Copyright © , Iowa State University of Science and Technology. All rights reserved. Copyright Information

To be discussed: Manure Characteristics Manure Volume Estimation Methods Manure Nutrient Estimation Methods Additional Waste Volumes

Manure Characteristics How would you characterize manure? –Qualitative Odor –Quantitative Physical Properties Chemical Properties Biological Properties

Manure Characteristics –Book Values ASAE D384.2 –Under Revision MWPS 18-1 NRCS Chapter 4 AWMFH –On-farm testing / database

NRCS Chapter 4 AWMFH ASAE D384.2 MWPS 18-1

The Magical Animal Unit An animal unit is 1,000 pounds of any type of animal –One 1,400 pound dairy cow: 1.4 AU –One 200 pound pig: 0.2 AU –One 7 pound chicken: AU Calculation # of animals* animal weight ( lbs) 1,000 lb/AU

Manure Volume Estimation NRCS –1.30 ft 3 /day 175 Lactating Cows –175*1300lb/1000lb/AU = 228 AU –228 AU * 1.3 ft 3 /day = 296 ft 3 /day manure produced Is all of the manure stored in the same location? NRCS

Learning Exercise Calculate Volume Produced Using the information provided, calculate the annual volume of manure produced by the example herd. 175 Milking Cows (1300 lbs) 14 Dry Cows (1300 lbs) 55 Heifers (1000 lbs) 25 Young Heifers (500 lbs) 25 Calves (200 lbs)

Volume Numbers NumberWeightAUMWPSASAENRCS ft3/day ft3/day/AUft3/dayft3/day/AUft3/day Milking Cows Dry Cows Heifers Young Heifers Calves Total

ASAE D384.2 – Manure Production and Characteristics ASAE Diet based manure characteristics –New developments Genotype Feeding practices (ie. split sex) Diet modification (ie. phytase) –Nutrient management planning needs –Existing literature developed prior to these changes

Revision of ASAE D384.1 – Manure Production and Characteristics Work groups develop excretion model based on dietary inputs –Total Solids –Nitrogen –Phosphorus Diet based equations for calculated manure characteristics

Bedding Table 4-3 Unit weights of common bedding materials MaterialLooseChopped lb/ft3 Legume hay Nonlegume hay Straw Wood shavings9.00 Sawdust12.00 Soil75.00 Sand Ground limestone95.00 Types of Bedding StrawCompost SandWood Shavings Limestone Shredded Newsprint Porous Bedding –Design Volume is 50% Total Volume Account for wastewater entering pore space NonPorous Bedding –Design Volume = Total Volume Table 4-4Daily bedding requirements for dairy cattle MaterialBarn Type Stanchion StallFreestallLoose Housing lb/day/1000 lbs Loose hay or straw Chopped hay or straw Shavings or sawdust3.1 Sand, soil, or limestone 1.50

Additional Waste Volumes Wasted Feed –Increase solids and nutrients content by 4% for every 1% feed waste over 5% Wash Water –Washing Milking Parlor –Washing Cattle Trucks –Calf Bottles, etc. Flush Water –Recycled water

Moisture Content Total Solids (TS) –All solids in manure Sample 105º C Volatile Solids (VS) –Organic solids 600º C Water Content W water = W manure – W TS

Relative Consistency Manure is stored and handled –Type of animal –Animal housing –Manure collection –Manure treatment –Manure application

Manure Nutrient Estimation Manure Testing –Preferred Method REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE Book Values ASAE D384.2 MWPS 18-1 NRCS Chapter 4 AWMFH

Learning Exercise Calculate N, P and K 2 0 Calculate the total pounds of N, P and K 2 0 produced in a year. 175 Milking Cows (1300 lbs)

NRCS Calculations

N, P Calculations NumberWeightAUNRCS NNRCS P lb/day/AUlb/daylb/day/AUlb/day Milking Cows Dry Cows Young Replacement Cows Replacement Cows Total

Conclusion Book Values –Questions on estimating volume and nutrient content? On-Farm Testing –Develop a database