Rob Dawson Lauren Cordy August 2015 Prevent Rob Dawson Lauren Cordy August 2015

Today’s presentation What is prevent Violent/Non-violent extremism Freedom of Thought/ Freedom of Speech Different types of extremism HEI’s duties Schools’ duties

What is Prevent Part 1 of the 4 part CONTEST strategy Pursue – to stop terrorist attacks Prevent – to stop people becoming terrorists or supporting them Protect – to strengthen our protection against a terrorist attack Prepare – to mitigate the impact of a terrorist attack

Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015 The Prevent Duty Due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism Section 26 – the Duty placed on certain bodies. Local Authorities Schools Further Education Higher Education The Health Sector Prisons and Probation Police

What is Prevent The Prevent strategy specifically; • responds to the ideological challenge of terrorism and the threat we face from those who promote it; • prevents people from being drawn into terrorism and ensure that they are given appropriate advice and support; and • works with sectors and institutions where there are risks of radicalisation which we need to address.

- Prevent strategy summary “We remain absolutely committed to protecting freedom of speech in this country. But preventing terrorism will mean challenging extremist (and non-violent) ideas that are also part of a terrorist ideology. Prevent will also mean intervening to try to stop people moving from extremist groups or extremism into terrorist related activity” - Prevent strategy summary

Different types of Extremism It is important to note that it is not all about Islamism. Ethno-national Extremism – those who have a particular idea of what they want the nation to be like, which is often one culture excluding all others. eg IRA or UDA Political Extremism – Both far-left (e.g. Environmental & Animal Rights extremism Earth Liberation Front) and far-right (e.g. Neo-Nazism) or other political ideology Religious Extremism – ISIS & Boko Haram (Islam), Klu Klux Klan & Army of God, Terror against Terror (Judaic), Rashtriya Jagaran Manch & Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (Hindu), Babbar Khalsa (Sikh). Islam/Islamism. Islamism (also known as Political Islam) is a set of ideologies holding that Islam should guide social and political as well as personal life. Clearly not all followers of Islam are followers of Islamism.

Violent & Non-violent extremism radicalisation is driven by an ideology which sanctions the use of violence some terrorist ideologies draw on and make use of extremist ideas which are espoused by apparently non-violent organisations very often operating within the law. People can be drawn to right-wing terrorist ideology through the rhetoric and language of apparently non-violent right-wing extremist groups. preventing terrorism will mean challenging extremist (and non-violent) ideas that are also part of a terrorist ideology

HEI Duties Risk Assess Action Plan Work in Partnership Staff Training Where students can be drawn into terrorism or extremism Action Plan Based upon above Work in Partnership BIS Prevent Co-Ordinator Staff Training Understand factors that draw people in to terrorism or support terrorist ideologies Challenge extremist ideas Policies & Procedures Chaplaincy & Welfare Support IT Policies filtering Student Unions & Societies HEI & SU work together Monitored & Enforced HEfCE

HEI duties The Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015 imposes a duty on HEIs to have due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism. The following are highlighted as areas to focus on; External Speakers & Events Delicate balance between the Prevent strategy and the rights of freedom of thought and freedom of speech. Ensure that the University is not being used as a platform for the encouragement of terrorism. External speakers, posters, events should all be assessed. Radicalised students can act as a focal point for further radicalisation through personal contact. These students may display changes in behaviour and outlook that are visible to University staff.

HEI Duties Staff Training Compliance with Prevent requires HEIs to demonstrate willingness to undertake Prevent awareness training. Staff are then able to challenge extremist ideas which risk drawing people into terrorism. Prevent expects staff to be able to recognise students who are vulnerable to being drawn into terrorism, and be aware of what action to take in response. For example, when to make referrals to the Channel programme.

HEI Duties Partnerships Universities should make partnerships with local Police and FE Prevent co-coordinators. HEIs should share information about Prevent across the institution. HEIs should make regular contact with the Prevent co-ordinator. Develop mechanisms to share information about Prevent across the relevant faculties of the insitution

HEI Duties Welfare and Pastoral care Sufficient chaplaincy and pastoral support available for all students. Clearly advertised and widely available prayer rooms. Students should not feel marginalised and risk becoming receptive to extremist ideology. IT policies HEIs must have policies regulating the use of their IT equipment. HEIs should consider the use of filters as a means of restricting access to harmful content, and develop policies for students and staff working on sensitive or extremism-related research

Schools’ Duties Risk Assess Work in Partnership Train Staff Whether children can be and protect children from being drawn into terrorism or extremism Work in Partnership Local Safeguarding Children Board Train Staff Identify Children at Risk Challenge extremist ideas IT Policies filtering Monitored & Enforced OfSTED

Schools’ Duties Identifying Vulnerable Children All schools are subject to the Prevent duty. In order to fulfil the Prevent duty, staff need to be able to identify children who may be vulnerable to radicalisation, and know what to do when they are identified. Schools must ensure that their Designated Safeguarding Lead undertakes Prevent awareness training and provides advice and support to other members of staff.

School’s Duties Building resistance to Radicalisation Schools can build pupils resilience to radicalisation by promoting fundamental British values and enabling them to challenge extremist views. Schools are already expected to promote the spiritual, moral, social and cultural development of pupils and, within this, fundamental British values. Advice on promoting fundamental British values in schools is available. Schools should provide a safe environment for debating controversial issues and helping pupils understand how they can influence and participate in decision-making.

School’s Duties Personal, Social and Health Education (PSHE) can be an effective way of providing pupils with time to explore sensitive or controversial issues, and equipping them with the knowledge and skills to understand and manage difficult situations. The subject can be used to teach pupils to recognise and manage risk, make safer choices, and recognise when pressure from others threatens their personal safety and wellbeing. They can also develop effective ways of resisting pressures, including knowing when, where and how to get help. Schools can encourage pupils to develop positive character traits through PSHE, such as resilience, determination, self-esteem, and confidence. - Department for Education Prevent Summary

School’s Duties Risk Assessment The Prevent guidance makes it clear that schools are expected to assess the risk of children being drawn into terrorism, including support for extremist ideas that are part of terrorist ideology. general understanding of the risks affecting children and specific understanding of how to identify individual children who may be at risk

Issues… HEI Staff Prevent Training Be mindful/aware… Trainees Online DPA & Anti-Bribery Be mindful/aware… NOT snooping Changes in Student behaviour Becoming isolated Expression of extremist views Hate rhetoric Interests in extremist ideology Trainees Prevent included in Safeguarding curriculum Does partner school have a policy? Requirement - OfSTED

Useful websites https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/prevent-duty-guidance http://www.safecampuscommunities.ac.uk/ https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/protecting-children- from-radicalisation-the-prevent-duty http://www.safeguardinginschools.co.uk/prevent/ http://www.preventforschools.org/