Bacteria

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes - “pro” = before - “karyon” = nucleus NO nucleus NO organelles Small, less complex Circular DNA, floats in cytoplasm i.e. Bacteria - “eu” = true - karyon” = nucleus Have nucleus Organelles Large, complex Linear DNA, in nucleus i.e. Plants & Animals

2 Kingdoms of Prokaryotes

Cyanobacteria First Photosynthetic Prokaryote Oxygen is produced in oceans and creates ozone

3 Shapes 1. Coccus (round) 2. Bacillus (rod) 3. Spirillum (sprial) Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes

Gram-staining Method used to classify bacteria into 2 groups: Gram-positive vs. Gram-negative stains peptidoglycan in cell walls of the bacteria

Endospores Specialized “resting” cells dormant cell formed by certain bacteria that can survive very harsh conditions (heat, cold, poison)

Example – Closdridium botulinum Caused from improper canning Produces neurotoxins that lead to paralysis

Movement Flagella – long whip- like tails pili – short projections which allow them to stick to their hosts, their environment or each other.

Asexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction – Binary Fission

Methods of Obtaining Energy Photosynthesizers Chemoautotrophs Heterotrophs

Bacteria Lab Which locations at NMHS have the most bacteria? Cell Phone Bacteria