 Ribonucleic Acid  Macromolecule made of nucleotides from DNA  Used to build proteins  Made in nucleus  3 types total

RNA: 1. Single stranded 2. Uracil instead of Thymine 3. Ribose instead of deoxyribose 4. Can leave the nucleus

1. mRNA = messenger RNA  Long and stringy (like a snake)  Carries instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to initiate translation  Contains 3-base sequences called “codons”  Made in transcription

2. tRNA = transfer RNA  Shaped like a “T”  Responsible for bringing the amino acids for translation  Contains “anti-codons” that match up with mRNA temporarily

3. rRNA = ribosomal RNA  Structurally part of the ribosome organelle  Site of translation  Globular shaped

 Making of RNA from DNA in the nucleus 1. Initiation at the promoter site, RNA polymerase opens up the DNA molecule 2. Elongation adds new RNA bases, including Uracil, down the exposed DNA bases 3. Termination occurs when RNA polymerase hits the “stop” signal and detaches the new single strand of RNA

 Transcription Unzip one gene in DNA Match up bases to one side of a gene in DNA mRNA detaches from the DNA mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm nch_web/models/eukTranscription.swf nch_web/models/eukTranscription.swf

DNA: GAG AAC TAG TAC RNA: CUC UUG AUC AUG

 ashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf ashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf  How is Transcription similar to DNA replication?  How is Transcription different from DNA replication?

1. Create a Venn diagram comparing and contrasting DNA and RNA. 2. How is DNA replication different from Transcription? Consider the steps, enzymes, end result,… 3. Describe the process of Transcription.