Unit 4: Early Childhood Chapter 7

No quiz this week!!! However, you do have a project that is due at the end of this unit. PLEASE make sure you use the Unit 4 project template found in Doc Sharing.

Developmental Themes Early childhood phase – development of independence, self-mastery, physical ability, social skills, inner control and language skills Children are transformed from infants and toddlers into little boys and girls

Toddler Stage (2-3 years old): –Autonomy vs. Doubt –Children are pushing for control and independence – however they are still very dependent on their caregivers –A critical task at this age is achieving a balance between those two forces

Preschool Stage (3-5 years old): Erickson: Initiative vs. Guilt Time for parents to start encouraging self-care, compliance with rules, and independence Parents should allow their children to try out new activities and set reasonable limits Parents who are too rigid or demanding impose unrealistic expectations on their children causing them to feel guilty for failing to accomplish something on their own

Comparison, 1 & 4 Year Old Children One year old Goal is to master mobility Imitate sounds Manipulate physical world to learn Sense of self begins connected to parents Four year old Mobility is used for exploration and independence Masters spoken language, communi- cates thoughts Uses mental symbols Pursues relationships separate from parent

Biophysical Growth & Development Physical development involves growth of human body and motor skills development –3 yr old doubled in height, 4 x heavier than at birth –Gross motor skills: running, jumping, climbing, etc. –Fine motor skills: coordination of small muscle movements; dexterity in the use of hands/fingers Biophysical strengths & hazards –Good nutrition for health Impacts physical development and immune system

Text book aside, how do you define child abuse?

According to: Federal legislation provides a foundation for States by identifying a minimum set of acts or behaviors that define child abuse and neglect. The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) (42 U.S.C.A. §5106g), as amended by the Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003, defines child abuse and neglect as, at minimum: Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm. This definition of child abuse and neglect refers specifically to parents and other caregivers. A "child" under this definition generally means a person who is under the age of 18 or who is not an emancipated minor.

Active Maltreatment An injury or a pattern of injuries that is NON- accidental Examples: Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and/or emotional abuse (Gosselin, 2005) Active Maltreatment An injury or a pattern of injuries that is NON- accidental Examples: Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and/or emotional abuse (Gosselin, 2005)

Passive Maltreatment The action or inaction of a legally recognized caretaker who fails to fulfill his or her responsibility to a dependent child. Examples: Lack of supervision Lack of medical care Inadequate food, clothing, and/or shelter Educational neglect Physical/emotional neglect (Gosselin, 2005)

What are some risk factors associated with child abuse?

Risk Factors Associated with Child Abuse & Neglect Parent or caregiver factors –Personality and psychological well-being –History of child abuse/neglect –Substance abuse –Age Family Factors –Family structure –Marital conflict and domestic violence –Stress –Parent-child interaction

Risk Factors Associated with Child Abuse & Neglect Child Factors –Age –Disabilities Environmental Factors –Poverty –Unemployment –Social isolation –Lack of social support –Violent communities

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Your thoughts… Questions?