Bridge Hydraulics and Geotechnical

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 2 The Hydrological Cycle

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 3 North Saskatchewan River at Edmonton Maximum Discharge Year Q (m /sec)

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 4 Flood Frequency Plot (Max Mean Daily Data)

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 5 Design Flood Frequency Local roads- 25 year return Secondary Highways- 50 year return Primary Highways- 100 year return High Water Marks

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 6 Streambed Profile of Typical Watercourse

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 7 Channel Types Meandering ChannelBraided Channel

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 8 Continuity: Q = AV

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 9 Typical River Channel Before Constriction FLOW RIVER BANK 10 m

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 10 Continuity: V = Q/A Area can be reduced by: - Ice - Collapsed pipe - Liners - Drift - Struts - Insufficient Inlet

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 11 Typical River Channel After Constriction

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 12 General Scour Top of road embankment Flood peak F l o o d p l a i n F l ood p l a i n L.W. Scoured bed at flood peak 17 ft depth of scour B e d L. W.

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 13 Local Scour

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 14 Slope Protection

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 15 Structure Foundations Soil - all earth materials overlying the rock crust All loads from bridge carried by soil and/or rock crust Soil Mechanics - the science dealing with the action of soil associated with engineering

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 16 Soil Bearing Capacity Depends on mechanical properties –shear strength –bearing strength –compressibility Non-elastic, non-homogenous Mechanical properties change

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 17 Bridge Foundation Types Spread footings –good bearing at shallow depths Piles –drilled –driven –drilled and driven

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 18 Foundation Loads

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 19 Soil Creep

BRIDGE HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES TRANSPORTATION Slide 20 Stability of Hillsides and Slopes