The Imperial Vaulted Style and the Cosmos

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Presentation transcript:

The Imperial Vaulted Style and the Cosmos

The Pantheon, Rome, Italy, AD 118-128; Apollo of Damascus, arch. I. The Pantheon (“temple to all gods”): The imperial “vaulted style” in temple architecture The Pantheon, Rome, Italy, AD 118-128; Apollo of Damascus, arch.

I. The Pantheon

Parthenon (Greek) Pantheon (Roman) I. A. Ritual: entering the Pantheon’s world: four compositional elements and formal analysis Parthenon (Greek) Pantheon (Roman)

The Pantheon I. A. 1. Colonnaded court (does not survive) a. How did imperial hyper-symmetry reinforce a feeling of interiorness? The Pantheon

I. A. 2. Octastyle porch a. What kind of entrance does the octastyle porch provide? The Pantheon

I. A. 2. b. column material and origin? The Pantheon

The Pantheon I. A. 3. Rectangular transition block a. as a visual transition between the porch and the rotunda? I. A. 4. Rotunda: the cosmos revealed The Pantheon

oculus: 30' diameter, 5' thick concrete The Pantheon oculus: 30' diameter, 5' thick concrete coffering is purely illusionary device

5 diminishing rings of 28 coffers 28 days = moon oculus = sun I. B. A universe in symbolism: What planetary symbolism is inscribed in the Pantheon “cella”? 5 diminishing rings of 28 coffers 28 days = moon oculus = sun 5 rings = 5 known planets = 7 celestial bodies 7 niches for 7 divinities

I. C. Concrete and the vaulted style in detail: The great vaulted interior as a metaphor for the all- encompassing Empire as a cosmos 1. Plan: How is Roman axiality discreetly introduced into the otherwise centralized plan? I. C. 1. a. In what terminal volume does the main axis end? The Pantheon

The Pantheon on the cross axis on the diagonal axis I. C. 2. How is variation introduced into the plan and the elevation? The Pantheon on the cross axis on the diagonal axis

I. C. 2. a. What is an example of the primary system of decoration? I. C. 2. b. What is an example of the secondary system of decoration? The Pantheon

Greek importance of stasis, stability, logic, rationality I. D. Imperial context: the illusion of autonomy in the vast imperial interior 1. How does the Pantheon interior “instruct (intoxicate) the senses?” Greek importance of stasis, stability, logic, rationality Imperial Roman architecture: apparent rationality informed by senses

Imperial vaulted style I. D. 2. How does the vaulted style give the impression of unlimited autonomy? “affinity between the potential for action and the architectural forms” (MacDonald 178) Greek trabeated style Imperial vaulted style Trajan’s Forum – the Basilica Pantheon