Observed Trends in South American Precipitation Brant LiebmannVicente Barros Carolina S. VeraJulián Báez Leila M.V. Carvalho Anji Seth Inés Camilloni Marty.

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Presentation transcript:

Observed Trends in South American Precipitation Brant LiebmannVicente Barros Carolina S. VeraJulián Báez Leila M.V. Carvalho Anji Seth Inés Camilloni Marty P. Hoerling Dave Allured Mario Bidegain José A. Marengo

If a flood is defined as monthly flow at Corrientes more than 2 standard deviations above its mean, there were almost 6 times as many floods in the 20 years from as there were in the 60 years from

Previous work: Barros, Castaneda, Doyle (2000): Increase in precipitation over most of Argentina from Castaneda and Barros (1994): Humid Pampa (Argentina) increase in rain, mainly after Robertson and Mechoso (1998): Decadal variability and non-linear upward trend in southeast South America rivers. Marengo (2004): Northern Amazon Basin decrease related to El Nino?

Data We wish to thank the following agencies for providing the data used in this study: Agência Nacional de Águas (Brasil) Agência Nacional Energia Elétrica (Brasil) U.T.E. Uruguay C.T.M. Salto Grande Servicio Meteorologico Nacional (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay) FUNCEME (Ceará, Brasil) IAPAR - SIMEPAR (Paraná, Brasil) DAEE (São Paulo, Brasil) Minesterio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales (Venezuela) Meteorogische Dienst Suriname METEO-France ASANA (Bolivia)

Observed Precipitation Climatology mm

Observed Precipitation Trend mm/season

Statistical Relevance of Observed Trends

Observations versus AMIP runs January – March mm/season

January – March standardized percent trend Stations with at least 22 yrs data Southern Brazil

Average onset date = 25 October Average end date = 9 April Rainy day average = Percent dry days = Trend in rainy day rain rate = mm/day/season (There is no apparent trend in synoptic activity) Southern Brazil

Simultaneous Correlation (SST versus Southern Brazil Rain) JFM SST trend (1976 – 1999)

Slope: = = = 1.53 January – March rainfall – Southern Brazil

Slope (m3/s/yr): = = = 17.2 Precipitation has increased by 35% (along trend line) River flow has increased by 161% (amplification noted by Berbery and Barros (2002))

Slope: = deg/yr = = Slope: = 7.20 mm/yr = = 1.53 SST in southwest AtlanticJan-March rainfall Season rainfall (mm/yr) Jan-Mar SST (C)

95% ‘significant’ Using 2-sided t-test Running 24-year correlations Southern Brazil versus southwest Atlantic Trend removed from each segment Stations with 50 years of data

Running 24-year trends Stations with at least 50 years data (1 degree grid)

all stationsStations with 50 year records R = R = 0.92 R = 0.91 (detrended)

An observed positive precipitation trend during the rainy season in Southern Brazil is most prominent from , but is evident earlier. The trend is characterized by an increase in the number of rainy days per season and an increase in the amount per rainy day. The precipitation trend is related to one in SST, although perhaps not causally. The SST trend seems to result from a decrease in the strength of the South Atlantic high. The negative trend near SACZ is not ‘significant’, but seems to be indicative of decadal scale variability (near the coast). Data in Amazon are of insufficient length to draw conclusions.

Gridded fields of daily precipitation are available by visiting: brant.liebmann/data/s_america_rain.html