What is a processor ? A “Processor," is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. It also called “Brain ” of a computer. It receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second.

Types MaleFemale These have pins that fits into the motherboard These have a flat surface sits onto the motherboard

Where it is in your System ?

Components inside the processor ? Components of the CPU include the Registers, the System Clock and Internal Memory Cache. Registers – Small holding areas on processor chip Holds counters, data, instructions, and addresses ALU is currently processing Processor internal memory caches (L1, L2, L3) – Holds data and instructions to be processed by ALU Clock speed is the speed at which a processor executes instructions. A processor’s clock speed is measured in Megahertz (MHz) and Gigahertz (GHz).

General Purpose Registers (GPR) EAX (Accumulator Register) EBX (Base Register) ECX (Count Register) EDX (Data Register) Index Registers ESI (Source Index Register) EDI (Destination Index Register) Segment Registers CS (Code Segment Register) DS (Data Segment Register) SS (Stack Segment Register) ES (Extra Segment Register) FS & GS (There is no Full form) Pointer Register ESP (Stack Pointer Register) EBP (Base Pointer Register) EIP (Instruction Pointer Register) Few registers inside the processor

Why is it used? CPU has three main components, the arithmetic/logic unit, I/O unit and the control unit.

The control unit directs other portions of the computer system to carry out or execute program instructions. The arithmetic/logic unit executes all the arithmetic and logical instructions. I/O unit manages data and instructions entering and leaving the processor Why is it used?

Fetch Decode Execute Store

Fetch 1.CPU retrieves the instruction that it needs to run from program memory. 2. Each instruction in a program (which contains millions of instructions) is stored at a specific address. 3.The CPU has a program counter, which keeps track of the address of the instruction that the CPU is accessing.

Decode 1.A compiler breaks the code down to Assembly Language. 2. Assembly language is a language that the CPU understands, but may vary between different CPUs. 3. From there on, an assembler translates Assembly Language into binary code. 4.The CPU can manipulate this binary code to execute the instructions it is given.

Execute Based on the instructions it is given, the CPU can then do one of three things: 1) Using its Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), the CPU can calculate extremely complicated mathematical functions; 2) Move data from one memory location to another; 3) Jump to different addresses in the program based on decisions made by the CPU itself.

Store CPU must give some feedback after executing the instruction. The output data is written to the memory. In this phase program counter is incremented.

Input Device Output Device Processing Device Control Unit ALU Registers Memory Communication Devices

CPU North Bridge PCI South Bridge ICH I/O Flash memory FSB LPC PCI Graphics Card

 AMD Processor (Gaming and Business)  K5 Athleon(1996) -4.3 millions of transistor -8kb Data Cache  Buldozer(2011) -size-32nm -Instruction set-AMD64 -Used in-piledriver  Bobcat(2011) -Used for accelrated processing. -size-40nm -core name-AMD CPU

 Intel Proceessor (Development, Gaming and Business) NameCode Name SizeData BusminRAMmaxRAMOS PC bit8-bit256 kb1MBDOS PC/XT bit 640 kb1MBDOS PC/AT bit 1 MB16MBDOS PC/AT bit 4 MB4GBDOS/ Linux PC/AT bit 8 MB2^48MBDOS/ Linux PC/AT586Pentium32-bit 16 MB2^64MBDOS/ Linux

Intel :- Sandy Bridge(2011) intel core i7-3770K(2.5GHz) ivy Bridge(2012) intel core i7-3770K – 3.5 GHz/3.9 GHz AMD:- AMD A-series & E- Series accelrated processing units (APUs)

WHAT IS A RASPBERRY PI? The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor or TV, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse. It’s capable of doing everything you’d expect a desktop computer to do, from browsing the internet and playing high-definition video, to making spreadsheets, word-processing, and playing games.

Credits: Sourav Mitra Sourav Mitra Subashri Babu Subashri Babu Premlata Simpi Premlata Simpi Vijay Kokate Vijay Kokate