CHAPTER 16: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1800’s)

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION STARTED IN EUROPE IN THE 1800’S.

INVENTIONS!!!!!!! 1. ROBERT FULTON AND THE STEAM ENGINE

THE SPINNING JENNY: TO MAKE COTTON

ELI WHITNEY AND THE COTTON GIN

THE TELEGRAPH AND MORSE CODE

THE RADIO: UNFORTUNATLEY, SOON WE WILL HAVE JUSTIN BIEBER.

HENRY FORD AND THE MODEL T

HE CREATES THE ASSEMBLY LINE

THE ASSEMBLY LINE

There was a “2 nd Industrial Revolution” that invented steel, chemicals, electricity and precision machinery like….

PROBLEMS WITH FACTORY CONDITIONS CHILD LABOR, TERRIBLE WORKING CONDITIONS, SWEATSHOPS, LONG HOURS ETC.

PROBLEMS: SANITATION, CRIME, OVERCROWDING, DISEASE ETC.

CHILD LABOR

SWEATSHOPS

SOME THINGS LABOR UNIONS WANT FOR WORKERS: 1.BETTER PAY: MINIMUM WAGE 2.SHORTER DAYS: 5-6 DAYS (OFF ON SUNDAYS) 3.VACATION TIME 4.HEALTH INSURANCE

PEOPLE FORM LABOR UNIONS. SOME EXAMPLES: 1.THE BROWARD TEACHERS UNION 2.THE FORT LAUDERDALE FIREFIGHTERS ORGANIZATION 3.THE NEW YORK POLICE FEDERATION FEDERATION

THE CZAR (FROM THE LATIN WORD ‘CEASAR’) PETER THE GREAT (PYOTOR)

The World's 85 Richest People Are as Wealthy as the Poorest 3 Billion! What exactly does that mean?

PETER THE GREAT WANTS TO MODERNIZE RUSSIA. HE MAKES THEIR 1 ST NAVY!

THE PEASANTS, HOWEVER, ARE LOCKED INTO RUSSIAN FEUDALISM

CATHERINE THE GREAT

Took over Poland and a lot of land near the Black Sea (That’s where my parents went on their Honeymoon)

BY 1900 RUSSIA IS 4 TH IN THE WORLD IN INDUSTRIALIZATION (MOSTLY COAL AND OIL)! BUT CONDITIONS ARE TERRIBLE!!!!

IN 1905 RUSSIA LOSES A WAR TO JAPAN AND EVERYONE GOES ON STRIKE

THE CZAR IS FORCED TO MAKE A RUSSIAN PARLIAMENT, OR CONGRESS, CALLED THE DUMA. BUT IT’S NOT ENOUGH

BY WORLD WAR ONE (1917) RUSSIA ERUPTS INTO REVOLUTION AND BECOMES COMMUNIST.

RUSSIA: THE MAIN DIFFERENCE IN RUSSIA IS THAT THE STATE RUNS ALL INDUSTRIALIZATION, NOT PRIVATE BUSINESSES. THEIR CONDITIONS ARE TERRIBLE AS WELL, BUT THEY NEVER DEVELOP LABOR UNIONS LIKE WE DID (BROWARD TEACHERS UNION). THIS IS WHY THEY WILL GO THROUGH A MAJOR REVOLUTION IN 1917.

LATIN AMERICA WAS POOR, AND THEY STAYED POOR. IN ADDITION, MILITARY STRONG MEN CALLED CAUDILLOS STARTED TO TURN UP AND TORMENT THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES  TOO MANY SEPARATE NATIONS  TOO POOR  TOO MANY IN POVERTY  TOO MUCH ILLITERACY

LATIN AMERICA: 1.THEY NEVER REALLY INDUSTRIALZED CUZ EVEN AFTER INDEPENDENCE THEY WERE STILL VERY POOR. REMEMBER, MANY DIDN’T EVEN KNOW HOW TO READ. 2.IN ADDITION, THEY RELY ON EUROPE FOR EVERYTHING; FOR LOANS, FOR INVESTEMENT, EUROPE BUILDS AND OWNS THEIR FACTORIES. EUROPE SELLS LATIN AMERICA STUFF MADE IN EUROPE, SO LATIN AMERICA NEVER DEVELOPS A STRONG INDUSTRIALIZED BASE.

Antonio López de Santa Anna: One of the head CAUDILLOS, or strongmen of Mexico. He was President 7 times. ALSO, EVERYONE FREES THEIR SLAVES, BUT CUBA AND BRAZIL ARE THE LAST TO DO SO! THE POOR STAY POOR!

1.MEXICO CONTINUED TO PRODUCE LARGE AMOUNTS OF SILVER 2.COPPER FROM CHILE 3. TIN FROM BOLIVIA 4. AND NITRATES FROM CHILE 5.GUANO (BIRD DROPPINGS) FROM PERU 6.WILD RUBBER FROM THE AMAZON RAIN FOREST WAS IN GREAT DEMAND FOR BICYCLE AND AUTOMOBILE TIRES 7.BANANAS FROM CENTRAL AMERICA 8. BEEF FROM ARGENTINA 9.CACAO FROM ECUADOR 10. COFFEE FROM BRAZIL AND GUATEMALA 11. AND SUGAR FROM CUBA

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH ALL THIS EXPORT GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA? 1.THEY STILL RELY ON EUROPE AND AMERICA FRO MONEY AND FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS. 2.LATIN AMERICA NEVER DEVELOPS AN INDUSTRIALIZED BASE LIKE THE REST OF THE DEVELOPED WORLD. 3.THIS IS NO GOOD! 4.THE POOR ARE STILL POOR!

THE MEXICAN CONSTITUTION OF 1917: 1.provided for the redistribution of land to the poor 2.stripped the Catholic Church of any role in public education and forbade it to own land 3.announced unheard-of rights for workers such as a minimum wage and an eight-hour workday 4.and placed restrictions on foreign ownership of property.