Kingdom Monera (Bacteria)

extremely important extremely important –rapid growth –Reproduction –mutation rates –exist under adverse conditions. –The oldest follils (3.5 billion years old) are of bacteria-like organisms.

Bacteria can be autotrophs or heterotrophs. Bacteria can be autotrophs or heterotrophs.

heterotrophs get energy from breaking down complex organic compounds in the environment. heterotrophs get energy from breaking down complex organic compounds in the environment. saprobes, saprobes, –feed on decaying material and organic wastes, Parasites Parasites –absorbing nutrients from living organisms.

bacteria can be bacteria can be –aerobic which means they require oxygen to live or –anaerobic which means oxygen is deadly to them. Green patches are green sulfur bacteria. The rust patches are colonies of purple non sulfur bacteria. The red patches are purple sulfur bacteria.

Extremophiles. The Archaea Archea are capable of surviving and thriving in nearly any condition. Archea are capable of surviving and thriving in nearly any condition. We learned about the prokaryotes that live in deep sea thermal vents. We learned about the prokaryotes that live in deep sea thermal vents. Other Archea live in deep caves filled with poisonous gases. Other Archea live in deep caves filled with poisonous gases. Some, like the ones pictured here, surviving in near boiling water. Some, like the ones pictured here, surviving in near boiling water.

Bacteria are often the causes of human and animal disease (but it’s not always true!) Bacteria are often the causes of human and animal disease (but it’s not always true!) However, certain bacteria produce antibiotics such as streptomycin. However, certain bacteria produce antibiotics such as streptomycin.

Other Bacteria live symbiotically in the guts of animals or elsewhere in their bodies. Other Bacteria live symbiotically in the guts of animals or elsewhere in their bodies. For example, bacteria in your gut produce vitamin K which is essential to blood clot formation. For example, bacteria in your gut produce vitamin K which is essential to blood clot formation.

Bacteria live on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a usable form. Bacteria live on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a usable form. Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen Cycle

Bacteria put the tang in yogurt and the sour in sourdough bread. Bacteria put the tang in yogurt and the sour in sourdough bread. Saprobes help to break down dead organic matter. Saprobes help to break down dead organic matter. Bacteria make up the base of the food webs in many environments. Bacteria make up the base of the food webs in many environments. Streptococcus thermophilus in yogurt

Bacteria are prokaryotic and unicellular. Bacteria are prokaryotic and unicellular. Bacteria have cell walls. Bacteria have cell walls. Bacteria have circular DNA called plasmids Bacteria have circular DNA called plasmids Bacteria can be anaerobes or aerobes. Bacteria can be anaerobes or aerobes. Bacteria are heterotrophs or autotrophs. Bacteria are heterotrophs or autotrophs. Bacteria are awesome! Bacteria are awesome!

Shapes of Bacteria

Diseases caused by bacteria: Diseases caused by bacteria: –Leprosy –Strep throat –Meningitis –Lyme disease –Flesh eating disease (they break down and consume our cells)

Penicillin, an antibiotic, comes from molds of the genus Penicillium Notice the area of inhibition around the Penicillium.

Penicillin kills bacteria by making holes in their cell walls. Penicillin kills bacteria by making holes in their cell walls.walls Unfortunately, many bacteria have developed resistance to this antibiotic. Unfortunately, many bacteria have developed resistance to this antibiotic.