AreaTribeIn which Region(s) did they live?What did they eat?Nomadic or stayed in vilages?What were houses like?Comments on lifestyleAny other interesting facts? Gulf Coast KarankawaCoastal Plain -along Texas coastfishing, hunting deer and small animals, wild plants traveled along coast and a little inland; used dugout canoes held about 8 people and were easy to move War-like tribe; very brutal to enemies; used smoke signalsAvg man was 6 feet tall, taller than most Indians Coahuiltecan Coastal Plain -along Texas coast and Rio Grande mostly plants, but also hunted small animals and occasionally deer. Food was not plentiful for them fairly nomadic, they were hunter- gartherers dome-shaped huts made by cutting and bending young trees covered with reed mats and hides food was scarce, so lived in small groups; they were not war-likesometimes had to eat snakes, armadillos, bugs and rotten wood Plains Tonkawas Coastal plain and Great Plains west of Austin, then pushed east by Apaches and Comanches buffalo and small game before pushed East, then plants and small animalshunter-gathererstipisgenerally friendly, though led by a war chiefshared some land with Karankawas ComancheGreat Plainsbuffalo and plant materials they foundnomadic - depended on bufallotipis after they got horses, became great riders on the plains bands had chiefs, but final decisions were made by council of all adult males ApacheSouthern Great Plains Lipan - buffalo and grew some crops; Mescalaro - were hunter-gatherers lived in small villages in spring and summer; in fall and winter they followed buffalotipis covered in buffallo hides Apaches came from Canada originally and were very fierce Kiowa Far Northen portion of Panhandle (Great Plains)buffalo and plant materials they foundnomadic - depended on bufallotipis diet, dress and appearance were similar to Lipans and Comanches at first they fought with Comanches, but then became close allies; celebrated Sun Dance

AreaTribeIn which Region(s) did they live?What did they eat?Nomadic or stayed in vilages?What were houses like?Comments on lifestyleAny other interesting facts? Puebloan Jumanomost of Mountains and Basinsgrew cropsAdobe villagesadobe pueblos traded with Plains' tribes for hides, wild plants, etc painted their faces with horizontal stripes; eventually driven out by Apaches Tigua El Paso area of Mountains and Basinsgrew crops, some hunting and gatheringAdobe villagesadobe pueblos village had a "Kiva" where council met and scared objects kept kept shelters in their fields for men and boys to stay in to protect crops; made pottery Concho Big Bend area of Mountains ad Basinsgrew crops and huntedvillageshuts covered in grass or animal skinslive similar lives to Jumanosallies with Jumanos Southeastern CaddoEast Texas portion of Coastal Plainsfarmed, hunted, gathered wild plantsvillages in East Texas cone shaped buildings covered with cane and grass, some were up to 60 ft in diameter most advanced culture of Texas Indians; religion was based on a mound the whole community built; made tools, pots, etc unlike most Indian tribes, Caddo men worked in gardens alongside women; formed a large confederacy with other Caddo tribes; vast trading network; used word "tay-yas" (friends) to greet Spanish WichitaNorth Central Plains mostly at first farmers, then later more hunters of the plains villages through the harvets, then hunted the plains villages during farming season, then tipis during hunting season in winter culture changed when they acquired horses through trades with the Kiowas men were shorter and darker than most other Indians, had tattoos around their eyes Atakapan Coastal plains from Louisiana to Galveston Bay Bidais - grew crops and hunted in southern piney woods; Akokisas - did not farm, but hunted and gathered and used canoes along coast Bidais - permanent villages; Akokisas lived in temporary camps in spring and summer and domed brush huts in fall and winter Bidais were more like Caddo (though hunted more), Akokisas fished and hunted more, also traded with other tribes