 1947: British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act  Ended British rule in India  Muhammad Ali Jinnah: governor general of Pakistan  Jawaharlal Nehru: Prime Minister of India  During the partition…  Hindu-Muslim violence increased  500,000 people died  15 million people migrated: Muslims went to Pakistan, Hindus went to India (for the most part…)  Pakistan divided in 1971  W. Pakistan = Pakistan  E. Pakistan = Bangladesh

 Ethnic and religious differences  Many military dictatorships since it was created  Majority-Muslim country  Agricultural society  Patriarchal/large extended families  Arranged marriages  In wealthy households, the practice of keeping women in seclusion (purdah) is still common  Increased population = people moved to cities and that has strained resources (193 million people live there)  40% of people are under age 15

 1. Terrorism and insurgents (al Qaeda and the Taliban)  2. Kashmir and tensions with India (Both sides have nuclear weapons)  3. Gender inequality: honor killings: when male relatives kill female relatives because they are seen as bringing shame to the family  4. Hindu-Muslim issues  5. Area for transit of Afghan drugs

 BBC: ofiles/ stm  CIA World Factbook  "Pakistan." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., Web. 9 Feb