+ Cellular Respiration: the details Miss Tee

+ Broken down… not so bad 1. Glycolysis Cytosol (10 steps) 2. Pyruvate oxidation Mitochondrial matrix (1 step) 3. Kreb’s Cycle (TCA, citric acid cycle, CAC) Mitochondrial matrix (8 step cycle) 4. Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis Inner mitochondrial matrix (IMM)

+ Energy Transfer 1 st Law of Thermodynamics Chem potential energy Coupled reactions = efficiency Ultimate goal: capture free energy in the form of _____ Glycolysis only gets energy production started 2.1% of free energy to ATP

+ Mechanisms of Energy Transfer Energy Transfer Substrate-level phosphorylation Chemiosmosis -ADP + Pi = ATP -Formed directly

+ Terminology: MVPs Pi= phosphate group ADP, ATP= adenose di/tri phosphate; currency NAD + = (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide); coenzyme used to shuttle e - to ETC FAD= (flavin adenine dinucleotide); coenzyme and e - carrier

+ Stage 1: Glycolysis Root words? Def: glucose molecule broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules; in cytoplasm 6 carbon sugar  3 carbon sugar + 3 carbon sugar Glucose

+ Glycolysis Glucose      G3P + G3P (precursors for step 2)

+ Glycolysis G3P      Pyruvate + Pyruvate

+ Glycolysis: balance sheet 2 ATP used 4 ATP produced 2 ATP net

+ Another perspective…

+ Review of Mitochondria Structure Specialize in production of +++ ATP: “cell powerhouse” IMM performs functions associated with cell resp Outer membrane Inner membrane (IMM) Cristae Intermembrane space Matrix

+ Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation Glycolysis  2 Pyruvate Transported to IMM

+ Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation 1. CO 2 removed 2. 2-carbon oxidized by NAD + (NAD + now has potential energy) 3. CoA attached; molecule is prepped for next step

+ Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation Pyruvate oxidation: 2 pyruvate + 2 NAD CoA  2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 H CO 2 Ticket for next step

+ Summary Acetyl-COA

+ Kreb’s Cycle (aka Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, TCA)

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