9/28 warm-up What is asexual reproduction What is sexual reproduction What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction Requires only one parent Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as the parent. In other words, the offspring are exact “clones” of the parent. Most unicellular organisms reproduce this way. Mitosis is an example of asexual reproduction Movie

Asexual Reproduction Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction Advantages – Identical to parent, so will get all good characteristics. Disadvantages – Identical to parent, so will also get bad characteristics and is less able to adapt to the environment.

Asexual Reproduction Types of Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission – used by bacteria, an organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus copy then divide into two identical organisms Example: bacteria

Asexual Reproduction Types of Asexual Reproduction Budding – organism that produces a bud that breaks away to live on its own. Example: hydra

Asexual Reproduction Types of Asexual Reproduction Regeneration (Fragmentation) – organism uses cell division to re-grow body parts. Example: starfish, salamander

Asexual Reproduction Types of Asexual Reproduction Vegetative Fragmentation – results in a new plant that is genetically identical to the parent plant (a clone). Examples: strawberry plant, vegetables, and crops.

Asexual Reproduction Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually Hydra Sea Star Strawberry Archaebacteria Eubacteria Euglena Paramecium Yeast https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jk2RJm5RBEk

Sexual Reproduction Requires two parents that each share ½ of the genetic information. Offspring share the characteristics of each parent. Meiosis occurs during sexual reproduction

Sexual Reproduction Two parents Offspring are a combination of both parents and are therefore different from each parent. unique / diverse offspring Two Parents

Sexual Reproduction Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction Advantages – variety and/or diversity of offspring (color, shape, size, intelligence, ability, etc.), More able to adapt to environmental changes. Disadvantages – uniqueness, sometimes traits needed for survival are not passed on.

Sexual Reproduction Types of Sexual Reproduction Plants – when the reproductive cells of one plant fertilize (pollinate) the reproductive cells of another plant. This produces seeds that can grow into a new plant.

Sexual Reproduction Types of Sexual Reproduction. Animals – when the reproductive cells of one animal fertilize the reproductive cells of another animal. This produces a baby (embryo).

External Fertilization External fertilization usually requires a medium such as water, which the sperms can use to swim towards the egg cell. External fertilization usually occur in fish and amphibians. The females lay the eggs in the water and the male squirts the sperm in the same area.

Internal Fertilization Fertilization occurs within the female. Internal fertilization occurs in mammals, insects, birds, reptiles. Mammals (gorillas, lions, elephants, rats, zebras, and dolphins have live births) Insects, birds, reptiles lay eggs

The Role of DNA Animation: dividing http://www.johnkyrk.com/chromoso mestructure.html

Cell Differentiation Cell differentiation- process in which a generic cell develops into a specific type of cell in response to triggers from the body or the cell itself. Allows a single celled zygote to develop into a multicellular adult organism that can contain hundreds of different types of cells.

Cell Differentiation Expression of Specific Genes in the DNA will lead to a specific type of cell

Pass DNA from parent to offspring Make a Venn Diagram 4 items here Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Both Pass DNA from parent to offspring 4 items here 4 items here 3 items here

Summarize Write two paragraphs with 6 sentences each describing asexual and sexual reproduction. It can also include the two things they have in common. Paragraph 1: Asexual reproduction is….. Paragraph 2: Sexual reproduction is…