DO NOW Date: 10/15 Q: How are traits passed from parents to offspring (children)? DO NOW: Write three complete sentences using each of these words. (Genes, DNA, Chromosomes.) 7 th Grade Science Oct 15, 2012

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What creates diversity among offspring? OBJECTIVES: -Video on advantages of Asexual Reproduction -Investigation: Dresophila Fly Fornication

Video: Advantages of Asexual Reproduction (watching only up to 2min 30sec.)

Vocabulary Review Phenotype: Curly wings, white eyes, tan body. Possible Genotype: AA, rr, BB AA, rr, Bb Aa, rr, BB Aa, rr, Bb DominantRecessive WingsA = curlya=straight Eye ColorR = redr = white Body ColorB = tanb = yellow How is this genotype different than the others?

VOCABULARY REVIEW Allele: a version of one gene Example: curly wing allele = A Example: straight wing allele = a Homozygous: having identical alleles or versions of a gene for a trait Example: Homozygous Dominant (AA) Example: Homozygous Recessive (aa) Heterozygous: having different alleles or versions of a gene for a trait Example: Heterozygous (Aa) “Homo” = Same “Hetero” = Different

Investigation Pg 1.Glue the investigation handouts into your composition book. 2.Read introduction and answer pre-lab questions Pg

Investigation: Sexual Reproduction 1. Each pair will get a nucleus (plastic cup) with two chromosomes (popsicle sticks). 2. Close your eyes and randomly pick one chromosome to pass down to your offspring. 3. Record the genotype and phenotype on your handout. 4. Add the traits to your fruit fly cut out and place on wall next to similar flies. 5. Repeat until you have data for 4 offspring Male Nucleus Chromosomes Female Nucleus Offspring Nucleus

Investigation: Asexual Reproduction 1. Close your eyes and select both chromosomes from the female’s nucleus and place them in the offspring nucleus. 3. Record the genotype and phenotype on your handout. 4. Add the traits to your fruit fly cut out and place on wall next to similar flies. 5. Repeat until you have data for 2 offspring Female Nucleus Offspring Nucleus

Investigation: Conclusion Pg 2-9 Answer the questions below using complete sentences. 1)Compare the offspring made by sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. 2)Explain why the offspring made by sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction. 3)Imagine a virus infects both populations of offspring and kills only red eyed flies. Which population of offspring is most likely to survive: the population of sexually or asexually reproducing flies? Explain your answer. Conclusion Questions

Exit Ticket How are the offspring of sexual reproduction different from the offspring of asexual reproduction?

DO NOW Date: 10/16 Q: What creates diversity among offspring? DO NOW: What are some of the different phenotypes in your family? Are there any members in your family that look different than all the others? Explain why you think that is. Mrs. Hibler Oct 9, 2012

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What creates diversity among offspring? OBJECTIVES: -Take two-column notes on types of reproduction -Compare the types of reproduction in a mind map

Video Asexual Reproduction

NOTES: Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Expectations: -Level 1 Voice -DO NOT visit any other websites during your note taking. -Stay on task

TWO COLUMN NOTES Main Idea or Vocabulary on the left Details and definitions on the right

Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring. Heredity is responsible for how you have your mother’s eyes and your father’s smile. Along with this inherited similarity though, there is also variation, as we are not exact clones of our mothers and fathers.

Offspring are the new organisms produced by one or more parents. (children, babies, young)

The study of heredity in biology is called genetics.

The Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied mathematics and science but became a gardener in a monastery.

The Father of Genetics Mendel thought there was a connection between the flower color of a pea plant and the type of seed the plant produced. He began to experiment with garden peas in Mendel made careful use of experimental design to study pea plants and had the first recorded study of how traits pass from one generation to the next.

Reproduction - biological process by which new "offspring" (individual organisms) are produced from their "parents". * It is the process by which an organism produces others of its same kind. Reproduction

Turn to your partner and discuss the following questions: Do all organisms reproduce? Do all organisms reproduce in the same way?

Types of Reproduction Asexual - one parent Sexual - two parents

Asexual Reproduction: a type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced from one parent and has the same DNA or genetic material as the parent. Yeast cells dividing (budding) Spider plant offspring

Asexual Reproduction Requires only one parent Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as the parent. – In other words, the offspring are exact “clones” of the parent. – Mitosis – Movie Movie

Asexual Reproduction Advantages: Animals that remain in one place and are unable to look for mates would need to reproduce asexually. Numerous offspring can be produced without "costing" the parent a great amount of energy or time. This type of reproduction is also faster. Environments that are stable and experience very little change are the best places for organisms that reproduce asexually. Disadvantages: Lack of genetic variation - all of the organisms are genetically identical and therefore share the same weaknesses.genetic variation If the stable environment changes, the consequences could be deadly to all of the individuals. *Animals are not the only organisms that reproduce asexually. Yeasts, plants, and bacteria are capable of asexual reproduction as well.

Turn to your partner and discuss 1 new fact that you just learned about asexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction: a type of reproduction in which two cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a new organism with its own genetic identity. Plant Animal

Sexual Reproduction Advantage: Allows genetic variation or diversity within a species which assists with the species survival Disadvantages: Requires 2 parents Reproduction is slower

Sexual Reproduction Most of the members of the Animal Kingdom – Fish – Mammals – Amphibians – Birds – Reptiles – Insects – Crustaceans

Sexual Reproduction Examples of organisms that reproduce sexually – Chickens – Iguanas – Lobsters – Sharks – Humans – Butterflies – Sunflowers – Roses

Sexual Reproduction Happens 2 ways – Internally (inside) The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female – Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders – Externally (outside) The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female The female lays the eggs and then the male fertilizes them. – Fish and some amphibians – Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)

Asexual Reproduction Examples

Asexual Reproduction Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually – Hydra – Sea Star – Strawberry – Eubacteria – Euglena – Paramecium – Yeast

Types of Asexual Reproduction Fragmentation Fragmentation is where a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals. Ex. Planaria

Types of Asexual Reproduction Vegetative Propagation (Plant cuttings) Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction in plants where new parts grow from parts of the parent plant. It has long been used in horticulture and agriculture. Ex. Spider Plant

Types of Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission – Bacteria – Protists Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction where every organelle is copied and the organism divides in two.

Types of Asexual Reproduction Budding Movie Budding is where a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently.

Types of Asexual Reproduction Regeneration Regeneration occurs when a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one. Ex. Lizard Tail *The ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs

 A whole new starfish can grow from a single arm that was cut off a starfish organism.  A planarian is a tiny flatworm that lives in ponds. If a planarian is cut into pieces, each piece will grow into a new planarian.  Yeast are one-celled organisms that produce offspring from a bulge that forms and breaks away from the parent.

Exit Ticket Which offspring, sexual or asexual, are likely to have genetic variation? Which offspring will be identical?

DO NOW Date: 10/17 10/18 Q: What creates diversity among offspring? What is the difference between a homozygous and a heterozygous genotype? Use complete sentences. Mrs. Hibler Oct 8, 2012

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How are traits passed from parents to offspring (children)? OBJECTIVES: -DNA extraction lab -Review Vocabulary for Heredity. -Play Science BINGO using vocabulary

DNA Extraction Lab Lab Director: Makes sure directions are being followed correctly. Materials Manager: Gets materials and returns them. Makes sure all materials are accounted for. Clean-up Manager: Assigns clean up duties as needed and does final clean check. Time Keeper: Makes sure students stay on task and watches the clock.

DNA Extraction Lab When you finish the procedures, clean your area and answer the questions at your desk.

Vocabulary Practice Pg 37 Independent Practice: Cloze-ing in on Science (15 minutes)

SCIENCE BINGO! genes phenotype alleles As you hear the definition of a word, check it off your paper. Any full horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line results in Bingo! Fill in all of the empty spaces with one word from the back of your card. Words can be used twice, but not in the same row or column.

DO NOW Date: 10/19 Q: What creates diversity in offspring? DO NOW: Describe the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction in your own words. Use complete sentences. 7 th grade Science Oct 19, 2012