Cold War Chapter 32

I. Introduction Cold War- No Fighting Soviet Union continued to expand after being given territory during and after WWII United States tried to go back to isolationism but felt they could not with the Soviet Union causing problems Berlin was divided up among the WWII Victors Boils down to West (Democratic) and East (Communist) Berlin Airlift (1948) Berlin Wall (Nov 9, 1989)

II. Cold War Western European colonies started to break free from their western bonds Soviet Union stepped into this power vacuum Installed Communist Regimes in Eastern Bloc (Eastern Europe) US steps up to stop Soviet union Truman Doctrine- “the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” Marshall Plan- US loaned money to help Western nations to rebuild

II. Cold War NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization US, Canada and Western Europe Warsaw Pact Formed in response to NATO Soviet Union and its Eastern Europe satellites Soviet Union and US were on the verge of a nuclear war MAD- Mutually Assured Destruction

II. Cold War Increase in formal espionage US- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Soviet- Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (KGB)- State Security Committee UK- MI-5 and MI-6 Corona and Hexagon Programs

II. Cold War Areas of Conflict Resulted as a part of Containment Policy Korea Already divided as a result of post WWII treaty Communist North attacks South Korea US gets involved and pushes into North Korea China backs up North Korea, and sends “volunteers” to help General MacArthur relieved of duty for trying to invade China Ends back at the 38 th N. Parallel

II. Cold War Areas of Conflict Continued Vietnam US got involved as a result of France asking for help Communist North was trying to take over Democratic South Up until that point- Most ordinance ever dropped Up to 550,000 American troops US pulls out as a result of extreme anti-war pressure at home South Vietnam later falls

II. Cold War Areas of Conflict Continued Cuba Communist Fidel Castro took over Bay of Pigs- Failed rebellion Soviet Union planned on building a military base and missile base on Cuba (October 14-28, 1962) Almost brought about an armed conflict Soviet Union eventually backs off on the missiles but keeps the military base

II. Cold War Space Race Sputnik- 1 st man-made satellite October 4, 1957 Soviets first man in space on April 12, 1961 US- 1 st men on the moon July 20, 1969 Purpose Plan was to gain surveillance advantages 1 st goal was manned surveillance 2 nd goal was satellite surveillance Concern was a nuclear missile satellite

III. Changes in Society United States and most of Western Europe went through an economic boom Europe formed the European Union- made trade easier- eventually brings about Euro Increase in materialism and consumer goods Welfare State- Started with Great Britain as a result of the hardships of the war Government became more involved in economic planning Tried to even out social inequalities for poor Unemployment, medical care, family assistance and public housing Does improve overall life of poor but at a cost to taxpayers

III. Changes in Society Red Scare and McCarthyism 40s-50s- people conformed more to social ideologies (Leave it to Beaver) Green Movement- political movement (1970’s) Focuses on environmental issues, “social justice” and grassroots democracy Wary of extreme economic growth

III. Changes in Society Women Revolution and Sexual Revolution Increase in Leisure activities- women have more time with use of appliances Peers become more important Women enter into workforce and more goods are marketed to them Women gain the right to vote Easy access to divorce Birth Control Brief Baby Boom Approved by FDA in 1960 Casual sex becomes more prevalent

III. Changes in Society Pop Culture Coca-cola-nization- Spread of US goods to Europe The Beatles US TV- Bonanza & Dallas

IV. Downfall Soviet Union was very repressive Limited Orthodox Church Most of power held under Stalin Purges and excesses Stagnant Economy- but boasted greatness Nikita Khrushchev- gained power after Stalin- DeStalinization Allowed a little more freedom Major economic “Economic Contest” with US Cuban Missile Crisis Olympics Space Race (part)

IV. Downfall Invasion of Afghanistan under Brezhnev US and Allies got involved Funded mujahideen Brought to light the problems of Soviet Union Economic downfall Could not continue to fund arms race Alcoholism Unrealistic economic plans Quantity vs. Quality CIA missed this? Odren insight

V. Conclusion Cold War brought about some of the problems with Afghanistan and under terroristic organizations Soviet Union eventually collapses Government involvement in Economy Major Reforms in US Change in the view of the US Presidents