How Does a Baby Grow, Move, and Stay Warm? You have been building an understanding on how animals use food. In this activity, you will practice constructing explanations that accurately and completely reflect these ideas. You will be asked to explain what happens to matter and energy in a young baby’s body so that she can grow, move, and keep her body functioning. Each of the questions below can be answered using two types of explanations: an explanation that describes how matter transformed in the body, and an explanation that describes how energy is transformed in the body. We have completed the first question for you. Notice that we wrote a “matter explanation” and an “energy explanation” that describes what happens in the baby’s body.

Question 1: How does a baby that is eating strained peas get the matter and energy it needs to grow?

The Matter Explanation The baby digests its food, producing small molecules that travel through the blood to its cells. These cells take up small molecules, such as glucose, and can use these small molecules to build larger molecules needed by the cell. For example, the baby’s cells could use glucose to build glycogen.

Food Starch Blood Glucose Muscle cells CO2 Muscle cells Glucose Stomach & sm intestine Glucose Blood CO2 Write a LOCATION in the top box. WHERE is the matter? Write the MOLECULE that carbon atoms are in. What FORM is the matter in? Muscle cells Glycogen

Question 1: How does a baby that is eating strained peas get the matter and energy it needs to grow?

The Energy Explanation The baby digests its food, producing small molecules that travel through the blood to its cells. These molecules have stored chemical energy. The cells take up small molecules, such as glucose, and can burn these small molecules in cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, the stored chemical energy is transferred from small molecules such as glucose to useful chemical potential energy (in ATP) that the baby’s cells can use to power processes for growth.

Glycogen Chem Enviroment Thermal ATP Chem Muscle Motion Glucose Chem Environment Thermal

Now it is your turn…. Question 2: A baby is crawling across the floor. In terms of matter and energy, explain what is happening inside the baby’s muscle cells.

Use your shapes for The Matter Explanation The Energy Explanation

Try this one…. Question 4: When a baby takes a nap, its mother covers it with a light blanket. The air under the blanket becomes warmer than the air in the room, which keeps the baby warm while it is sleeping. Explain how the air around the baby becomes warm while it is sleeping.

Use your shapes for The Matter Explanation The Energy Explanation

Apply your learning You will be given one of 4 scenario cards. For your specific scenario, you are to explain digestion, biosynthesis and cellular respiration Use your shapes to graphically explain Then create a narrative to explain

Scenario A A girl plays tennis for 2 hours and weighs less at the end of her match than at the beginning. What energy left her body? What kinds of atoms left her body? Where did the energy and atoms come from?

Scenario B A bee uses energy to move its wings as it flies from flower to flower collecting nectar (the main ingredients in nectar are water and sugar). How could the nectar from one flower help the bee to fly to the next flower?

Scenario C A wolf gains weight by eating a rabbit. Could a wolf gain five pounds by eating a four-pound rabbit? Why or why not?

Scenario D A male penguin loses up to half his body weight while keeping his egg warm without eating. – Where did the energy come from to keep the egg warm? – What happened to the matter in the penguin when he lost weight?

Assignment In your team explain digestion, biosynthesis and cellular respiration Use your shapes for the – Matter explanation – Energy explanation Write the narrative version – Matter explanation – Energy explanation