Standard 11.5 Continuity and Change in the Twentieth Century: Students analyze the major political, social, economic, technological, and cultural developments of the 1920s Performance Standard: Discuss the policies of Presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover Performance Standard: Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey's 'back-to-Africa' movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks Performance Standard: Examine the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act (Prohibition) Performance Standard: Analyze the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment and the changing role of women in society Performance Standard: Describe the Harlem Renaissance and new trends in literature, music, and art, with special attention to the work of writers (e.g., Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes) Performance Standard: Trace the growth and effects of radio and movies and their role in the worldwide diffusion of popular culture Performance Standard: Discuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact of new technologies (e.g., the automobile, electricity), and the resulting prosperity and effect on the American landscape.

The Roaring 1920s

Essential Question How did the United States experience both economic growth and social change in the decade WWI? Copy all slides, even charts and diagrams

America at the Start of the Decade Victorious in World War I Treaty of Versailles defeated Period of isolationism Republican ascendancy Returning WWI soldiers parading in Minneapolis

1920’s Presidents: Decade of Republicans Term PoliciesLaissez Faire Return to Normalcy Laissez FaireMOST laissez faire LegacyFavored big business Raised Tariffs Teapot Dome Scandal The boom time economy Reversal of many progressive reforms “America's present need is not heroics but healing; not nostrums but normalcy; not revolution but restoration;... not surgery but serenity.” “The Business of America is Business” “Don't expect to build up the weak by pulling down the strong.” “I do not believe that the power and duty of the General Government ought to be extended to the relief of individual suffering…The lesson should be constantly enforced that though the people support the Government the Government should not support the people.” 1930

Nativism Came out of various worries following WWI Prejudice against foreign- born people Evident in immigration quotas, rise of the Ku Klux Klan Also led to “Red Scare” An anti-immigrant poster from California Senator James Phelan’s campaign, 1920

The “Red Scare” Begun by Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution (1917) Fear of communist revolution in the U.S. Heightened by 1919 anarchist bombings Passage of various sedition laws

The Palmer Raids U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer Sought to eliminate radical influence in the U.S. Appointed J. Edgar Hoover to lead investigations Many persons jailed or deported illegally Rights of many suspects violated A. Mitchell Palmer

“The Case Against the ‘Reds’” …It has been impossible in so short a space to review the entire menace of the internal revolution in this country as I know it, but this may serve to arouse the American citizen to its reality, its danger, and the great need of united effort to stamp it out, under our feet, if needs be. It is being done. The Department of Justice will pursue the attack of these "Reds" upon the Government of the United States with vigilance, and no alien, advocating the overthrow of existing law and order in this country, shall escape arrest and prompt deportation. It is my belief that while they have stirred discontent in our midst, while they have caused irritating strikes, and while they have infected our social ideas with the disease of their own minds and their unclean morals we can get rid of them! and not until we have done so shall we have removed the menace of Bolshevism for good. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer Forum, issue 63 (1920)

Immigration Quotas Emergency Quota Act (1921) Immigration Act of 1924 Limited annual number of immigrants from a nation to 2% of number of immigrants living in the U.S. in 1890 Immigration from most Asian nations stopped Some groups given preference over others A cartoon satirizing the quota system

Sacco & Vanzetti Charged with robbery and murder Convicted on highly circumstantial evidence Sentenced to death Many protested convictions and sentence Both executed in 1927 i Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco

Dawes and Young Plan Bailing Europe out After the War

Cultural Changes Existentialism – Stemmed from Destruction & horror of WWI made people question “progress” of society – Existentialists claimed that there was “no universal meaning to life” – live in the now Rise of Consumerism Rise of Jazz Harlem Renaissance – Harlem, New York

The Roaring 20’s A Cultural Revolution? The Roaring 20’s A Cultural Revolution?

New Literature – The Lost Generation Postwar writers saw WWI as a moral breakdown of western civilization Commented on immorality of men and women all in a search for happiness and meaning in life Work conveys a sense of loss, and meaninglessness of life Examples of Lost Generation works – T.S. Elliot The Waste Land – F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby