Bus Lane Capacity1 BUS LANE CAPACITY

Bus Lane Capacity2 passengers/hour/direction Bus Lane Tram / LRTMetro CAPACITY DEFAULTS 30 YEARS AGO

Bus Lane Capacity3 passengers/hour/direction BUS OPERATED AS TRAIN? Bus Lane Tram / LRTMetro BRT 50000

Bus Lane Capacity4 BUS LANE CAPACITY

Bus Lane Capacity5 Bug Capacity Problem CAN WE FIND OUT HOW MANY BUGS FIT INSIDE A BOX? SURE! ALL WE NEED IS A PEN, PAPER AND SOME MINUTES

Bus Lane Capacity6 Bug Capacity Problem

Bus Lane Capacity7 Bug Capacity Problem

Bus Lane Capacity8 Bug Capacity Problem

Bus Lane Capacity9 Bug Capacity Problem 1,2,3… 17,18,19… 45,46,47… 101,108,111…

Bus Lane Capacity10 Bug Capacity Problem 3025,3026, 3027! 3027 BUGS! DID YOU JUST JUMP FROM 1890 TO 1981? DO YOU THINK SO? IF I DID, THERE ARE JUST…2937 BUGS!

Bus Lane Capacity11 Bug Capacity Problem OH, WE’LL NEVER KNOW A BOX CAPACITY… WHAT IF WE PLACE AN ELETRONIC BUG COUNTER AT DOOR? WHAT IF WE ASK FOR HELP?

Bus Lane Capacity12 Operational CAPACITY Co= x * L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Co = operational capacity (passengers/hour-direction) x = projected saturation L = bus length (in meters) Ren = bus stop boarding ratio (% of all passengers) t1 = average boarding time/passenger

Bus Lane Capacity13 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity14 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity15 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity16 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity17 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity18 BUS STOP - neck of the bottle speed time bus 1 bus 2 buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity19 BUS STOP - time delay space time bus 1 bus 2 time delayboarding bus 2boarding bus 1 t1*pas to

Bus Lane Capacity20 Operational CAPACITY Co= x * L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Co = operational capacity (passengers/hour-direction) x = projected saturation L = bus length (in meters) Ren = bus stop boarding ratio (% of all passengers) t1 = average boarding time/passenger

Bus Lane Capacity21 Boarding time Co= x * L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) As boarding time decreases, capacity increases. Example: for 2 seconds of boarding time, capacity would be 1800 passengers/hour.

Bus Lane Capacity22 Renovation Co= x * L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Renovation fraction: there’s more passengers in the bus than the ones actually boarding. Capacity increases as renovation decreases. Example: for 20% of passengers boarding, capacity in the whole system is five times bigger than boarding capacity.

Bus Lane Capacity23 Delay time Co= x * L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Besides boarding time, there is a fixed delay between two buses (braking, opening and closing doors, departing, until the bus stop is free to another bus). This operation takes close to 10 seconds plus 1/6 seconds for each meter in bus length.

Bus Lane Capacity24 Bus capacity Co= x * L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Delay time is calculated for each bus, so it must be divided by bus capacity in order to find average delay for each passenger. Each linear meter loads up to 10 passengers. Three linear meters are spent with motor, driver, doors. Example: an 18 m long bus has capacity for 150 passengers.

Bus Lane Capacity25 Saturation Co= x * L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) A maximum operational degree of saturation (x) should be defined to avoid excessive delays at bus stops.

Bus Lane Capacity26 Operational CAPACITY Co= x * L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Co = operational capacity (passengers/hour-direction) x = projected saturation L = bus length (in meters) Ren = bus stop boarding ratio (% of all passengers) t1 = average boarding time/passenger

Bus Lane Capacity27 Bus Length vs capacity

Bus Lane Capacity28 Boarding time vs capacity

Bus Lane Capacity29 Speed vs saturation speed (km/h) saturation cars buses

Bus Lane Capacity30 Traveling time x saturation 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0 increase saturation cars buses

Bus Lane Capacity31 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity32 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity33 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity34 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity35 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity36 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity37 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity38 ABCABC Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity39 Convoy improves boarding time Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor. ABCABC

Bus Lane Capacity40 Convoy improves boarding time Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform. Passengers know where group bus will stop. ACB

Bus Lane Capacity41 Convoy improves boarding time Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform. Passengers know where group bus will stop. ACB

Bus Lane Capacity42 Convoy improves boarding time Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform. Passengers know where group bus will stop. ACB

Bus Lane Capacity43 Convoy improves boarding time Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform. Passengers know where group bus will stop. ACB

Bus Lane Capacity44 Convoy improves boarding time Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform. Passengers know where group bus will stop. ACB

Bus Lane Capacity45 Bus convoy capacity Co= x * L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) 8/N+2 * 3 2+N

Bus Lane Capacity46 Bus convoy capacity bus lane capacity: passengers/hour-direction L=12 t1=.40 L=18 t1=.33 L=24 t1=.28 buses/convoy

Bus Lane Capacity47 Bus convoy capacity

Bus Lane Capacity48 Bus sub-stops ABC 70m Independent bus sub-stops can be provided where a second bus lane is available.

Bus Lane Capacity49 Bus sub-stops ABC 70m Independent bus sub-stops can be provided where a second bus lane is available.

Bus Lane Capacity50 Operational CAPACITY (with sub-stops) Co= x * L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Nsp=sub-stops number Nsp*

Bus Lane Capacity51 Express lines bus stop express A B C D E

Bus Lane Capacity52 Bus sub-stops & express lines A second lane allows express lines and multiple bays, which can be used according to passengers demand and bus flow requirements ABC 70m

Bus Lane Capacity53 Operational CAPACITY (with sub-stops and express lines) Co= x * L/6 10*(L-3) + Ren*t1 (pas/hour) Nsp=sub-stops number Dir=Express buses fraction Nsp* *(1-Dir)

Bus Lane Capacity54 How to boost your bus corridor

Bus Lane Capacity55 Bug Capacity Problem AH, I GOT IT! TO CALCULATE THE VOLUME I NEED TO USE THIS FORMULA: V = A x B x C!

Bus Lane Capacity56 Bug Capacity Problem HEY, RED BUG! WE NEED TO FIND OUT THE BUG CAPACITY OF ANOTHER BOX! NO PROBLEM. I KNOW THE VOLUME FORMULA NOW. GIVE ME THE PROBLEM

Bus Lane Capacity57

Bus Lane Capacity58 Bug Capacity Problem GREAT! THEN I’LL TAKE THE MEASURES AND YOU CAN CALCULATE… EEEEEK!