Stramenopiles. Synurophyceans (Silica-Scaled Algae) Photosynthetic Stramenopiles (Ochrophytes) Chrysophyceans (Golden Brown) Tribophyceans (Yellow-Green)

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Presentation transcript:

Stramenopiles

Synurophyceans (Silica-Scaled Algae) Photosynthetic Stramenopiles (Ochrophytes) Chrysophyceans (Golden Brown) Tribophyceans (Yellow-Green) Bacillariophyceans (Diatoms) Phaeophyceans (Brown Algae, Kelp, Rockweeds)

Brown Algae (Phaeophycean) Diversity Elachista Ectocarpus

Scytosiphon Brown Algae Diversity Hormosira

Brown Algae Diversity Fucus

Brown Algae Diversity Nereocystis

Streblonema Brown Algae Diversity Infected Macrocystis

Sexual Life Cycles I: Isomorphic Alternation of Generations EctocarpusScytosiphon Gametophyte (n) Sporophyte (2n)

Macrocystis Nereocystis Sexual Life Cycles II: Heteromorphic Alternation of Generations SargassumLaminaria Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) (Kelp)

Sexual Life Cycles III: Diplontic Fucus (Rockweed) (2n) (1n)

Asexual Reproduction (2n) (1n) Ectocarpus

Brown Algae Ecological Significance Productivity: Up to 1 kg C / m 2 / y (Graham et al. 2008)

Brown Algae Ecological Significance 10

Point Lobos State Preserve, CA (just south of Monterrey CA) Brown Algae Viewing Sites

Brown Algae Economic Significance

Alginate

Fig in Graham et al Growth Patterns: Diffuse (Non-Localized) Growth Chorda filum

Growth Patterns: Apical Cell (Filamentous)

Growth Patterns: Apical Cell (Filament Bundles = Pseudoparenchyma) Desmarestia

Growth Patterns: Apical Meristem (Apical Meristem - Parenchyma)

Growth Patterns: Lateral Growth (Meristoderm)

Brown Algal Tissue Differentiation: Epidermis, Cortex and Medulla Figs in Lee 1999 Laminaria

Brown Algae Sugar Conducting Cells: (Trumpet Hyphae) Figs , in Graham et al. 2008

Brown Algae Organ Differentiation (Holdfast, Stipe, Blade)

Brown Algae Organ Differentiation (Pneumatocysts= Bladders) Macrocystis Sargassum Nereocystis

7 Brown Algae Organ Differentiation

Brown Algal Cell Structure

1 Cell Structure: Cell Wall

Brown Algal Cell Wall Characteristics: Plasmodesmata

Na + K+K+ Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Cell Wall Components I: Alginate Alginate

3 Cell Wall Components II:

Cell Wall Components I: Sulphated Polysaccharides

21 Brown Algae Herbivore Defenses: Physodes (Containing Tannins)

Fig in Graham et al Brown Algae Plastids (PER)

Fig in Graham et al Brown Algae Plastids (PER) Plastid Membranes

Brown Algae Pigments I

6 Beta-Carotene Fucoxanthin Brown Algae Pigments II

8 Brown Algae Plastid: Pyrenoid

Brown Algae Storage Product: Laminarin Beta (1 – 3) Linkages

Brown Algae Cell Division

Brown Algal Cell Division (2n) (1n) Ectocarpus

Brown Algae Semi-Closed Mitosis

Brown Algal Cell Division: Cytokinesi s

Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) X Brown Algal Life Cycles

Fig in Graham et al Isomorphic Alternation of Generations (Ectocarpus) Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) Spore (n) Gametes (n) Zygote (2n)

11 12 Sporophyte Gametophyte Pleurilocular Gametangium Unilocular Sporangium Ectocarpus

Female Gametangium Male Gametangium Pheromone (= Sex Hormone) (e.g., Ectocarpene)

Ectocarpus: Asexual Reproduction

Sporophyte (2n) Ectocarpus Summary Gametophyte (1n)

13 Heteromorphic Alternation of Generations (Laminaria) 14 Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) Gametes (n) Zygote (2n)

Unilocular Sporangium Gametangia Sporophyte (2n)Gametophyte (n) Heteromorphic Alternation of Generations (Laminaria)

15 Fucus (Air Bladders, Receptacles)

Diplontic (2n) Life Cycle: Fucus Gametes (n) Zygote (2n)

Diplontic (2n) Life Cycle: Fucus Conceptacles, Ostiole, Female Gametangia, Male Gametangia Male GametangiaFemale Gametangia Gametes (n) Fucus

Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (n) X Brown Algal Life Cycles

18 Stramenopiles: Phaeophyceae 19

dive_site_directory_kelp_forest.jpg 3 Synura_Key306.jpg Tribonema_Key245.jpg

Konuji-Island,-Kodiak-AK.jpg pr/177X150/00/02/1f/ef/8b/ JPG _cezanne.jpg Ectocarpus-siliculosus.jpg

heparin.gif 20 plasmodesma.jpg