Surface Water Movement SWBAT explain how surface water can move weathered materials; explain how a stream carries its load; describe how a floodplain develops

Surface Water Movement What is the water cycle? What is the water cycle? The water cycle is the continuous process of water recycling through various pathways The water cycle is the continuous process of water recycling through various pathways Runoff Runoff Water flowing down slope along Earth’s surface Water flowing down slope along Earth’s surface

Runoff What conditions determine whether water on Earth’s surface will seep in or become runoff? What conditions determine whether water on Earth’s surface will seep in or become runoff? Pores – the amount of open space in soil determines how much water it can hold Pores – the amount of open space in soil determines how much water it can hold Vegetation – allows more water to penetrate because it flows down slowly Vegetation – allows more water to penetrate because it flows down slowly Rate of precipitation – lighter rain penetrates better, while heavy precipitation comes too fast to soak in and becomes runoff Rate of precipitation – lighter rain penetrates better, while heavy precipitation comes too fast to soak in and becomes runoff Soil composition – the physical and chemical composition determine how much water soil can hold. Courser grains create more pores Soil composition – the physical and chemical composition determine how much water soil can hold. Courser grains create more pores Slope – steeper slopes create more runoff because there is little time for water to soak in before gravity takes effect Slope – steeper slopes create more runoff because there is little time for water to soak in before gravity takes effect

Stream Systems Get your Lab notebooks Get your Lab notebooks Send one person to collect the supplies you need Send one person to collect the supplies you need Tray of sand Tray of sand Water bottle Water bottle Set your tray at an angle, propping one end up with your books. Set your tray at an angle, propping one end up with your books. Hold the water bottle at the top of the sand, in a steady position, pouring out water at a steady pace until it is gone. Hold the water bottle at the top of the sand, in a steady position, pouring out water at a steady pace until it is gone. When the water is gone, sketch the stream system that was created in your lab notebook. When the water is gone, sketch the stream system that was created in your lab notebook.

Stream Systems Watershed Watershed Drainage basin – where the land’s water drains into stream systems Drainage basin – where the land’s water drains into stream systems Look at the map on page 215. Look at the map on page 215. How many major rivers are part of the Mississippi watershed? How many major rivers are part of the Mississippi watershed? Where do they drain out? Where do they drain out? Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Mexico Divide Divide a high land area that separates one watershed from another a high land area that separates one watershed from another

Stream Load Solution Solution Material dissolved in a stream’s water Material dissolved in a stream’s water Why do you think groundwater provide more dissolved material to stream water? Why do you think groundwater provide more dissolved material to stream water? Groundwater has more dissolved materials than a stream because it has more time to be in contact with rocks. Runoff water spends very little time in contact with the surface and doesn’t pick up or dissolve as much material. Vegetation also prevents runoff from running over the earth’s surface. Groundwater has more dissolved materials than a stream because it has more time to be in contact with rocks. Runoff water spends very little time in contact with the surface and doesn’t pick up or dissolve as much material. Vegetation also prevents runoff from running over the earth’s surface.

Stream Load Suspension Suspension Small particles are carried in a stream by being help up by the turbulence Small particles are carried in a stream by being help up by the turbulence Bed load Bed load larger particles are pushed along the bed of a stream. A bed load usually consists of sand, pebbles, and cobbles larger particles are pushed along the bed of a stream. A bed load usually consists of sand, pebbles, and cobbles

Using Graphs What two factors affect the carrying capacity of a stream? What two factors affect the carrying capacity of a stream? Velocity Velocity Amount of water Amount of water In your Lab notebooks, complete the problem solving lab on page 217. In your Lab notebooks, complete the problem solving lab on page 217. Work together in your groups Work together in your groups Answer all questions in complete sentences Answer all questions in complete sentences Don’t forget a title and date Don’t forget a title and date

Steam Velocity and Carrying Capacity Discharge Discharge The measure of the volume of water that flows over a particular location over a period of time The measure of the volume of water that flows over a particular location over a period of time What is the formula for calculating discharge? What is the formula for calculating discharge? Discharge (m 3 /s) = width (m) x depth (m) x velocity (m/s) Discharge (m 3 /s) = width (m) x depth (m) x velocity (m/s) D = wdv D = wdv What is the discharge of a stream whose width is 100m, depth is 50m, and velocity is 5m/s? What is the discharge of a stream whose width is 100m, depth is 50m, and velocity is 5m/s?

Floodplains Flood Flood Occurs when water flows over the sides of stream’s banks into adjacent land Occurs when water flows over the sides of stream’s banks into adjacent land Floodplain Floodplain The flat area that extends out from a stream’s bank and is covered by excess water during times of flooding The flat area that extends out from a stream’s bank and is covered by excess water during times of flooding

In your groups Answer questions 1-6 on page 221 Answer questions 1-6 on page 221 Be sure to answer in complete sentences. Be sure to answer in complete sentences. Finish for homework. Finish for homework.