Basic Principles of Chemistry Unit 2: Chemical Reactions and Their Significance Lecture #11.

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Presentation transcript:

Basic Principles of Chemistry Unit 2: Chemical Reactions and Their Significance Lecture #11

Precipitation Reactions A solid substance is formed in a solution where there was not solid previously

Solutions SOLUTE dissolves in SOLVENT to form SOLUTION Solute is SOLUBLE in solvent

How Substances Dissolve

Solubility Rules (p. 200)

Predicting Precipitations AgNO 3 (aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl(?) + NaNO 3 (?)

Predicting Precipitations AgNO 3 (aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl(?) + NaNO 3 (aq)

Predicting Precipitations AgNO 3 (aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl(s) + NaNO 3 (aq)

Molecular Equation AgNO 3 (aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl(s) + NaNO 3 (aq)

Total Ionic Equation Ag + (aq) + NO 3 - (aq) + Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq)  AgCl(s) + Na + (aq) + NO 3 - (aq)

Total Ionic Equation Ag + (aq) + NO 3 - (aq) + Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq)  AgCl(s) + Na + (aq) + NO 3 - (aq)

Total Ionic Equation Ag + (aq) + NO 3 - (aq) + Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq)  AgCl(s) + Na + (aq) + NO 3 - (aq)

Net Ionic Equation Ag + (aq) + Cl - (aq)  AgCl(s)

Inconvenient Precipitates

Acid-Base Neutralization HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  H 2 O(l) + NaCl Acid + base  water + salt

Acid-Base Neutralization HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + NaHCO 3 (aq)  H 2 O(l) + NaC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + CO 2 (g)

Net Ionic Equation H + (aq) + OH - (aq)  H 2 O(l)

TUMS HCl(aq) + CaCO 3 (aq)  H 2 O(l) + CaCl 2 (aq) + CO 2 (g)

Tooth Decay HC 3 H 5 O 4 (aq) + Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH(s)  H 2 O(l) + Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 C 3 H 5 O 4 (aq)

Dissolving Scale CaCO 3 (s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl 2 + H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g)

Oxidation-Reduction Al(s) + 6HCl(aq)  2AlCl 3 (aq) + 3H 2 (g)

Combustion 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)  2H 2 O(g)

General Categories Type of ReactionGeneric Equation combination reactionA + B  AB decomposition reactionAB  A + B single displacement reaction A + BC  AC + B double displacement reaction AB + CD  AD + CB