Circulatory, Respiratory, & Digestive

1. What is the function of the circulatory system? Distribute oxygen and nutrients

2. What are the 4 components of blood & briefly describe. -plasma-~90% water -Red blood cells-has hemoglobin that carries oxygen to cells -White blood cells-fights infection -Platelets-blood clotting

3. Which muscular vessel carries oxygenated blood throughout the body? Arteries

4. Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood throughout the body? Veins

5.What are the tiny vessels that exchange CO2 and O2? Capillaries

6. Which blood type is the universal donor and why? –-O negative –Why? Every blood type is compatible

7. Which blood type is the universal recipient and why? AB positive Why? It is compatible with every blood type

8. Oxygenated blood enters the heart by ____ ________ (pathway). Pulmonary veins

9. The first chamber oxygenated blood enters is _________ and then goes into ________ ____ chamber. Left atrium Left ventricle

10. The oxygenated blood forcibly leaves the heart through the ____ ____ (pathway). aorta

11. Deoxygenated blood (CO2 rich blood) returns to the heart through which 2 openings? inferior vena cava -superior vena cava

12. Deoxygenated blood enters the ____ ____ chamber of the heart and then goes into the ____ ____chamber. Right atrium Right ventricle

13. The deoxygenated blood returns to the lungs through the __ __________ (pathways). Pulmonary arteries

14. What is the function of the respiratory system? To exchange carbon dioxide with oxygen for the circulatory system

15. What happens to the rib muscles and diaphragm when we inhale? Contract

16. What happens to the rib muscles and diaphragm when we exhale? relax

17. What is the function of cilia and mucus? Trap foreign material

18. Which area is common for food and air? Pharynx

19. What separates the food and air pathways? Epiglottis

20. Briefly describe the larynx and trachea. -larynx-voice box -trachea-windpipe

21. What is the difference between the bronchus and the bronchioles? Bronchi is 2 large branches and bronchioles is many smaller branches throughout lungs

22. What is important about the alveoli? It is where carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen is added to the blood

23. What is the mechanical digestion in the mouth? Chewing

24. What is the chemical digestion in the mouth? Amylase enzyme in saliva

25. What is the function of the salivary glands? To produce saliva & moisten food

26. What is the involuntary muscle contraction that moves food material? Peristalsis

27. What is the chemical digestion in the stomach? HCI & pepsin enzymes in low, acid pH of ~2

28. What is the mechanical digestion in the stomach? Churning

29. There are 3 organs that help in digestion but food never enters them. What are they AND briefly describe their function. liver-makes biles that breaks down fat -pancreas-makes digestive enzymes -gallbladder-stores bile

30. What is the length AND importance of the small intestine? ~6m long-most of the digestion occurs there

31. What is the length AND importance of the large intestine? ~1.5m long-absorbs water and some minerals

32. What happens to indigested food? Is forced through rectum and anus as feces