Russia – a single unitary actor? Energy superpower? Hegemonic power? Utilising energy for political gains?
Gas disputes: Russia-Ukraine Russia-Belarus
I argue that Russian natural gas policy is a combination of competing ideas/preferences of different groups in the country and in this competition the Russian state (as the main policy maker) is the ‘representative’ of several actors/groups who shape the state behaviour.
The President Russian Academy of Sciences Media Public Opinion Energy Institutes Gazprom Independe nt Gas Producers Political/ec onomic elites The Ministry of Energy