Restoration of Order and Christian Reform

Increased Stability ● Foreign invasions declined ● Rulers extended authority ● Unified states came from the feudal system ● Goals: ● Increase public order ● Make more money

William the Conqueror Cousin of Edward the Confessor Claimed the English throne BUT Was not a smooth transition 7 kingdoms of England united to rule the country 3

Battle of Hastings ● Harold Godwine named King of England by Edward the Confessor in early 1066 ● William went to challenge for the throne ● October 14,

Battle of Hastings ● William stopped at Hastings to organize his troops ● Harold Godwine and his troops attacked ● Harold killed by arrow in the eye

After the Battle ● William got control of the rest of the country ● Gave land to his followers on Normandy ● Got all feudal lords to swear allegiance ● Kept Anglo-Saxon sheriff ● Collect taxes ● Catch criminals ● Raise soldiers 6

Domesday Book ● William conducted survey to see: 1. How much wealth there was 2. Who had it ● Jurors-swore an oath to tell how much wealth they had ● Helped with governing the country ● What do we have that is similar to this? 7

Other European Countries ● France-Philip II ● Extended territory through marriage, war, diplomacy ● Germany-Otto I ● Defeated lords, got control of church ● Holy Roman Empire-Frederick Barbarosa ● Many alliances, went on the 3 rd Crusade 8

Law in Europe ● King Louis IX- France ● Created royal judicial system ● Henry II- England ● Common law ● Kind of started trial by jury ● John- England ● Disappointment 9

King John ● Spent a lot of time trying to get back French territory that he lost ● Taxed the nobles and towns people to get England out of debt, keep trying to get territory ● Did not follow the Magna Carta

Magna Carta ● 1215 ● "The Great Charter" ● Barons revolted, forced John to sign ● Cornerstone for English justice ● Gave liberties to common people ● You’ll read some of this when you finish your notes 11

Signing of the Magna Carta 12

What it contains... ● Rule of law ● The king and people are under the law, have to obey it ● Due process of law ● Fair and speedy trial ● Severe limits of royal power 13

Monastic Reform ● Monasteries sacked by Vikings and Magyars ● Fell under the control of feudal lords ● Duke William the Pious ● Appointed abbots to strictly follow Benedictine Rule ● Growth of cities ● Urban people didn’t think the church fit their needs, made changes 14

Papal Reform ● Pope Leo IX ● Traveled all over ● Decrees against violence, clerical marriage ● Papal elections ● Only Cardinals had authority to elect Pope ● Pope Gregory VII ● No lay people could appoint church officials 15