Test #7

Segregation and Discrimination The late 1800’s and early 1900’s was a period that had extensive segregation. Many communities across the country were divided along racial lines. Segregation: Separating a facility along black/white racial lines Jim Crow Laws: Laws in the south that were used to legally provide separate facilities for black and white people – Received their name after an old song called jump Jim crow.

Segregation and Discrimination Poll Tax: Annual tax that you had to pay in order to be a registered voter Literacy Restrictions on voting Grandfather Clause: Men failing the literacy tests could still vote if either their grandfather or father had been a registered voter – Plessy v. Ferguson allowed for all these inequalities to happen legally.  Segregation in schools, restaurants, hospitals, parks, restrooms, and railroads becomes the norm.

Plessy v. Ferguson Louisiana, 1892 Homer Plessy rides in the “white” railroad car He is asked to move to another RR car, because he is “black” In reality, he is 7/8 “white” Supreme Court rules that “separate but equal” facilities are legal Supreme Court says that segregation is 100% okay

Black Community fights back through education Booker T. Washington Tuskegee NAACP W.E.B. Dubois Niagara Movement

Progressive Movement Progressives supported new ideas and policies they believed would improve people’s lives. Increased government regulation of business and industry. Gov’t needed to protect consumers and workers. Gov’t should have policies to conserve natural resources. – Protecting Social Welfare – Promoting Moral Improvement – Creating Economic Reform – Fostering Efficiency Progressive Movement led to better conditions for the poor, better parks, hospitals, libraries, and schools

Social Reformers Jane Addams – Created the Hull House, helped the poor in Chicago Florence Kelley – Advocated for better working conditions for women and children Carry Nation – Prohibition/banning alcohol Ida M. Tarbell (muckraker) – Exposed Rockefellers cut throat business tactics in magazines Upton Sinclair (muckraker) – Wrote “The Jungle” Susan B. Anthony – Worked for Women’s suffrage

Muckraking – Investigative journalism that exposed big businesses flaws and led to government regulations “The Jungle” – Sinclair’s book exposed the poor labor practices and unsanitary conditions that produced contaminated food Meat Inspection Act – Put strict guidelines in place regarding cleanliness in meat packing plants Pure Food and Drug Act – Halted the sale of contaminated/spoiled food – Called for factual labels on all food and medicine

Election Reform Initiative – Allows a bill (potential law) to start/originate with the people instead of lawmakers/congressmen Referendum – Voters accept or reject an initiative Recall – Voters can decided to remove an official from their elected position by holding a vote prior to the end of the individuals term of office 17 th Amendment – Direct election of Senators by the voters instead of the selection by the State Legislature These reforms forced gov’t workers to become more responsive to the citizens that had elected them

Conservationism Teddy Roosevelt calls for the conservation of America’s most beautiful lands The act of the preserving natural areas for their beauty, but still using some wilderness for the resources Yosemite National Park Yellowstone National Park

Yosemite National Park

Yellowstone National Park

Foreign the Turn of the Century (562) Imperialism – Desire for military supremacy – Thirst/desire for new markets – Belief in cultural superiority Alaska (1867) Midway Islands (1867) Hawaii (1898) Puerto Rico (1898) Guam (1898) Philippines (1898) Wake Island (1899) Panama Canal (1903)

Spanish American War American Expansionism – American democracy and culture should spread around the world 1898: War breaks out with Spain – Cubans want to declare independence from Spain under the revolutionary leadership of Jose Marti – American forces help the Cubans because of the American desire to have “friends” in the Caribbean Sea – Theodore Roosevelt and his “rough riders” storm Cuban forces and capture Cuba forces at San Juan Hill – Treaty of Paris of 1898 ends the War US keeps Puerto Rico + Guam Cuba is independent

Spanish American War Philippine American War – American Naval forces begin to fight Spain in the Pacific Islands of the Philippines as well – George Dewey leads the Navy to a quick and decisive victory The US kept the Philippines until 1946

Latin America The Roosevelt Corollary further enforces the Monroe Doctrine – President Roosevelt commits to defending the newly formed countries of Latin America against European forces America Acquires the Panama Canal – The US helps build the Panama Canal to connect their holdings in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean – Shipping time is drastically reduced – Military forces can move rapidly from Atlantic to Pacific

World War I Describe the movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in World War I, with reference to unrestricted submarine warfare.

Explain the domestic impact of World War I, as reflected by the origins of the Great Migration, the Espionage Act, and socialist Eugene Debs.

Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the proposed League of Nations.

Explain how rising communism and socialism in the United States led to the Red Scare and immigrant restriction.