WANTED: ISOPODS! per person Look under MOIST (no wet) rocks, mulch Put in a container, air is good Wet a paper towel w/ the WONDER MOLECULE Maybe a slice of potato VOILA!! A rolleypolley house fit for royalty

ISOPODS!

ETHOLOGY Animal behavior Dr. Jane Goodall Primatologist

WHAT HAPPENS in an animals existence? WHY does that behavior happen in the animal’s existence?

behaviors are innate or behaviors are learned

LIMITING FACTORS determine a habitat selection

ETHOLOGY Animal behavior TACTIC RESPONSES + or - determine habitat selection

TAXIS = deliberate + or -

KINESIS - random

TAXIS - deliberate + or - Which one?

Observing your pillbug’s behavior How do the pillbugs seem to sense their environment? Are they all the same species? Can you tell differences in males and females? How many eyes do they have? How many legs? Do they exhibit any dominance behaviors? How do they respire? How do they grow? What are some stimuli they seem to respond to?

Part A- Observe Drawing your pillbug 1. Determine the relative proportions: a. width : length; b. height : length; c. distance between eyes : width of body; d. length of antennae : length of body. 2. Count the number of body segments. 3. Count the number of legs. 4. Locate the eyes. 5. Label the body parts. 6. Note the size of the pillbug.

Pillbug (Armadillidium vulgare)

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 These crustaceans are actually not insects they are arthropods, meaning they have a segmented body connected by pairs.  They are brownish to slate gray in color, measuring as adults up to 3/4 of an inch.  Their body segments look like armor, giving them the look of an armadillo. Identification:

 They have one set of eyes, seven sets of legs, and two set of antennae.  These creatures have the ability to roll up into a tight ball when disturbed, where they got the nick name "rolly-polly."

Biology:  Pillbugs mate throughout the year, but mostly in the spring, in one year they can mate up to 3 times producing 7 to 200 young.  The eggs are deposited and held in the mothers pouch located on her underside.  It takes about 45 days for the eggs to develop, hatch, and the young to emerge from the pouch.

Biology:  The young Pillbugs are white in color and molt within 1 to 2 days to create their hard shell exterior, and continue to molt every 1 to 3 weeks thereafter, reaching adulthood in 20 weeks.  These Pillbugs can live up to 3 years depending on weather conditions.

Part B Observing Behavior Put 5 on each side Every minute (or.5 min), count and record how many on each side. YOU CAN STILL BE DRAWING DURING THIS SECTION.

Designing a controlled experiment HYPOTHESIS/PREDCTION Poor: I think pillbugs will move toward the wet side of a choice chamber. Better: If pillbugs prefer a moist environment, then when they are randomly placed on both sides of a wet/dry choice chamber and allowed to move about freely for 10 minutes, most will be found on the wet side.

Designing a controlled experiment Experiment In a controlled experiment, you must explicitly keep all variables constant except the one you are manipulating.

Designing a controlled experiment Experiment YOU HAVE your independent variable given… you must design and execute a controlled experiment. You may need supplies, get them from Mrs.. Hobby

Lab 6: Animal Behavior Description – set up an experiment to study behavior in an organism pillbug kinesis / taxis

Lab 12: Animal Behavior Concepts – innate vs. learned behavior – experimental design control vs. experimental Hypothesis which factors affect pill bug behavior and taxis. – choice chamber temperature humidity light intensity salinity other factors

Lab 12: Animal Behavior Hypothesis development – Poor: I think pillbugs will move toward the wet side of a choice chamber. – Better: If pillbugs prefer a moist environment, then when they are randomly placed on both sides of a wet/dry choice chamber and allowed to move about freely for 10 minutes, most will be found on the wet side.

Lab 12: Animal Behavior Experimental design s ample size

Lab 12: Animal Behavior BIG TAKE AWAY – How to design an experiment using animals – Note – the new lab manual uses fruit flies instead of pill bugs – Do not get thrown off if you are given a different organism – FOCUS on the experimental design and results!

Lab 12: Animal Behavior ESSAY 1997 A scientist working with Bursatella leachii, a sea slug that lives in an intertidal habitat in the coastal waters of Puerto Rico, gathered the following information about the distribution of the sea slugs within a ten-meter square plot over a 10-day period. a.For the data above, provide information on each of the following:  Summarize the pattern.  Identify three physiological or environmental variables that could cause the slugs to vary their distance from each other.  Explain how each variable could bring about the observed pattern of distribution. b.Choose one of the variables that you identified and design a controlled experiment to test your hypothetical explanation. Describe results that would support or refute your hypothesis. time of day12 mid4am8am12 noon4pm8pm12 mid average distance between individuals

Lab 12: Animal Behavior ESSAY 2002 The activities of organisms change at regular time intervals. These changes are called biological rhythms. The graph depicts the activity cycle over a 48-hour period for a fictional group of mammals called pointy-eared bombats, found on an isolated island in the temperate zone. a.Describe the cycle of activity for the bombats. Discuss how three of the following factors might affect the physiology and/or behavior of the bombats to result in this pattern of activity. temperature food availability presence of predators social behavior b.Propose a hypothesis regarding the effect of light on the cycle of activity in bombats. Describe a controlled experiment that could be performed to test this hypothesis, and the results you would expect.