4. RESEARCH DESIGN Purposes of Research  Exploration  Description  Explanation

UNITS OF ANALYSIS  Individuals  Groups  Organizations  Social Artifacts

ISSUES WITH UNITS OF ANALYSIS  Ecological Fallacy  Individualistic Fallacy  Reductionism  Economic Reductionism  Psychological Reductionism  Theoretical Blinders

POINTS OF FOCUS FOR RESEARCH  Characteristics (Attributes)  Orientations  attitudes  beliefs  personality traits  biases  Actions (Behaviors)

TIME DIMENSIONS  Cross-Sectional  one shot--one point in time  Longitudinal Studies  Trend Studies  Cohort Studies  Panel Studies

THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL  Problem or Objective  Literature Review  Subjects for Study  Measurement  Data Collection Methods  Analysis  Schedule  Budget