Updates on Current Science of Nutrient Flows and Conservation Actions in Iowa Dan Jaynes Panel: Bill Crumpton, Matt Helmers, Tom Isenhart, Dan Jaynes,

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Presentation transcript:

Updates on Current Science of Nutrient Flows and Conservation Actions in Iowa Dan Jaynes Panel: Bill Crumpton, Matt Helmers, Tom Isenhart, Dan Jaynes, and Tom Kaspar

The Iowa landscape is a drastically modified landscape.

Trends

Other Trends Hewes and Frandson, 1952

Panama Canal $400,000,000 Drainage of Iowa $450,000,000 Investment in Agricultural Drainage after F.W. Beckman, 1913

Drained land in cornbelt = 51.3 x 10 6 ac. Total irrigated land in US = 57 x 10 6 ac.

“Cost” of Drainage

Mitch and Gosselink, 1993

Benefits of Drainage: Trafficability

Benefits: Crop yield response to drainage

Other Trends

USDA, NASS

Other Trends

+ Lbs. Commercial Nitrogen Fertilizer Applied per Bushel of Corn Produced (5-yr running average for U.S. Data Source: USDA NASS ) Present AFBF EA graphic May 2006 Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Frandsen farm ~ 1900 Example of How Iowa Farmsteads Changed with these Trends in Agriculture Hewes and Frandson, 1952

Drainage system Hewes and Frandson, 1952

After drainage, 1947 Hewes and Frandson, 1952

Frandsen farm today

Ames

50 Year Precipitation, Ames, IA External Trends

Q, BF & OF in 4 tributaries in the MR basin since Cedar River at Cedar Rapids ， IA 10. Illinois River at Kingston Mines 11. Wabash River at Camel, IL 102%46%9.2%35% Zhang and Schilling (2006) J. Hydrol. 12. Ohio River at Louisville, KY

Institute of Water ResearchInstitute of Water Research, Michigan State UniversityMichigan State University

NO 3 - P P P

3

N Fertilizer Use Has Increased, So The Solution Is Just Reduce N Rates Goolsby et al, 1999

10-yr Average Corn Yield and Tile NO 3 Loss for a Corn/Soybean Rotation N-Fertilizer Rate (lbs/ac) Yield (bu/ac) Nitrate-N in Tile Drainage (mg/L) average corn yield tile drainage

10-yr Average Corn Yield and Tile NO3 Loss for a Corn/Soybean Rotation N-Fertilizer Rate (lbs/ac) Yield (bu/ac) Nitrate-N in Tile Drainage (mg/L) average corn yield water quality B

10-yr Average Corn Yield and Tile NO3 Loss for a Corn/Soybean Rotation N-Fertilizer Rate (lbs/ac) Yield (bu/ac) Nitrate-N in Tile Drainage (mg/L) average corn yield water quality A B C

Optimum N Fertilizer Rates

2% loss in SON and SOC in 10 yr

System

Can We Modify the System? e.g. Return to Perennials

Wilson and Browning, 1945

Trends in Iowa Agriculture Fertilizer use (and manure) Field drainage/Stream channelization –hydrology Cropping patterns/rotations Farm numbers and size Climate

Challenge: Recapture some of the original landscape function without sacrificing our ability to produce food, feed, fiber, and fuel