Chapter 15 Section 1: Theories of Evolution

Lamarck’ Theory of Evolution Organisms had need/desire to improve Organisms had need/desire to improve Use and disuse Use and disuse Inheritance of acquired characteristics Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Charles Darwin – The Trip Charles Darwin: The naturalist Charles Darwin: The naturalist Traveled on H.M.S. Beagle in 1831 to the Galapagos Islands Traveled on H.M.S. Beagle in 1831 to the Galapagos Islands –Climates –Finches –Tortoises

Section 15.1 Summary – pages

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Darwin and Modern Evolution Darwin: A brief history Darwin: A brief history Influences on Darwin: Influences on Darwin: –Trip to the Galapagos Islands –Hutton and Lyell (Unifromitarianism) –Thomas Malthus –Alfred Wallace Publication of The Origin of Species Publication of The Origin of Species

Darwin’s Application of Malthus –Organisms produce more offspring than can survive –This produces a struggle for existence –Each member has variations –Those with variations that give the organism an advantage will have the best chance for survival = “survival of the fittest ”

Darwin’s Theories Descent with Modification Descent with Modification –Common ancestry Modification by Natural Selection Modification by Natural Selection –Fitness –Adaptive advantage –Source of adaptation? –Definition of success

Explaining Natural Selection Occurs when organisms with higher fitness survive, reproduce and successfully pass on their traits Occurs when organisms with higher fitness survive, reproduce and successfully pass on their traits Organisms with lower fitness are less likely to survive Organisms with lower fitness are less likely to survive Eventually, population is made up of only those with higher fitness Eventually, population is made up of only those with higher fitness

QOD What evidence do we have to support evolution by natural selection?

Fossils Definition: Definition: Types: Types: –Mold –Cast –Amber –Frozen –Imprint –Trace –Mineralized

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Distribution of Fossils Location Location –Type of rock –Law of superposition –Stratum/Strata Age Age –Relative age –Absolute age

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Succession and Biogeography Succession of Forms Succession of Forms –Extinction –Mass extinction Biogeography Biogeography

Evidence for Evolution Fossils Fossils Homologous Structures Homologous Structures Analogous Structures Analogous Structures Vestigial Structures Vestigial Structures Embryology Embryology Macromolecules Macromolecules

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Analogous structures

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Other Forms of Evidence

Patterns of Evolution Coevolution Coevolution Convergent evolution Convergent evolution Divergent evolution Divergent evolution –Adaptive radiation –Artificial selection

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QOD Where do we see natural selection in action today?

Kettlewell and the peppered moth

Antibiotic resistance