Standard 3 Biological Diversity – Diversity of species is developed through gradual processes over many generations.

Standard 3.1: Ancestry Different species might look dissimilar, but the unity among organisms becomes apparent from an analysis of internal structures, the similarity of their chemical processes, and the evidence of common ancestry (e.g., homologous and analogous structures, embryology, fossil record, genetic data).

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Section 17.1 Summary – pages Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Lynx rufus Lynx canadensis Bobcat Lynx 52

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Section 17.2 Summary – pages Cladistics Theropods Allosaurus Sinornis Velociraptor Archaeopteryx Robin Light bones 3-toed foot; wishbone Down feathers Feathers with shaft, veins, and barbs Flight feathers; arms as long as legs 53

7 According to this chart, the insects that are most closely related are the — 1.springtails and bristletails 2.springtails and proturans 3.bristletails and mayflies 4.dragonflies and proturans

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Section 15.1 Summary – pages Structural features with a common evolutionary origin are called ____________________. can be similar in arrangement, in function, or in both. Whale forelimb Crocodile forelimb Bird wing homologous structures 56

Section 15.1 Summary – pages such as pelvic bones in the baleen whale, are evidence of evolution because they show ________ change over time. structural Vestigial structures 58

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Section 15.1 Summary – pages The body parts of organisms that DO NOT have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function are called ___________________. analogous structures 57

Similar in FUNCTION

Standard 3.2 Adaptation and Evolution

Section 15.1 Summary – pages ________ on HMS Beagle Darwin 54

Section 15.1 Summary – pages ____________, an adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings. Because of this, organisms are not easily found by predators and they survive to reproduce. camouflage 55

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Section 15.2 Summary– pages _________________ is a natural selection that favors average individuals in a population. Selection for average size spiders Normal variation Stabilizing selection 59

Section 15.2 Summary– pages _________________ occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait. Normal variation Selection for longer beaks Directional selection 60

Section 15.2 Summary– pages In ________________, individuals with either extreme of a trait’s variation are selected for. Selection for light limpets Normal variation Selection for dark limpets disruptive selection 61

In ___________ evolution, similar features develop separately in separate evolutionary lines making them similar New world cactusAfrican euphorb South Am.Australia convergent

In ______________ evolution, an many species evolve from an ancestor because of different selection pressures. Also called adaptive radiation divergent