Chapter 6:Memory

What was the background of the title slide?

Which one is the correct penny?

Remembering or “Misremembering” (See Clemens, Roger) What determined whether you remembered or not?

Information Processing Model Computer Metaphor for Memory Encoding Storage Retrieval

Eye-Witness Testimony and Memory Two variables affect accuracy: – Estimator Variables Simple – Lighting, Angle, Time, etc Complex -- Race – System Variables Retrieving and Recording of Witness Memories – Photo-Arrays – Line-Ups – Instructions

Current System Standard Lineup: – Administrator knows who the suspect is – Witness sees individuals or photographs simultaneously Double-Blind: – Neither the administrator nor the witness knows who the suspect is.

Types of Long-Term Memory Episodic – Information with personal meaning Semantic – General facts and information Implicit – Information that was not intentionally committed to memory or retrieved unintentionally.

Encoding and Retrieving A schema is a set of beliefs or expectations about something based on past experience Incoming information is fit with existing schemata  Stereotypes Schemata can also influence the amount of attention paid to a given event

Forgetting – Interference Retroactive Interference New Interferes with Old Proactive Interference Old Interferes with New

Forgetting Decay theory – Memories deteriorate because of the passage of time Amnesia – Memory loss caused by accidents, surgery, poor diet, or disease Retrograde amnesia – Loss of memory from prior to an accident or injury

System Means of Encoding Storage Organization DurationRetrievalForgetting Sensory Registers STM LTM Memory as Info Processing System (p.245)

Sample Problem What is this?

What is this a 2 + b 2 = c 2 Describe the learning process? – Sensory Registers – STM – LTM – Retrieval

Improving Memory Motivation Practice Confidence Eliminate Distractions Stay Focused Connect New Material to Memory Use Imagery Retrieval Cues Rely on more than memory