Chapter 14 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Halogens CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II Alfred State College Professor Bensley

Learning Objectives  Identify alcohols, ethers and alkyl halides.  Classify alcohols and alkyl halides as 1° 2° or 3°  Determine the properties of alcohols, ethers, and alkyl halides.  Name alcohols, ehters, and alkyl halides.  Draw the products of the dehydration of alcohols.  Determine the products of alcohol oxidation.

Alcohols 1o1o I.Structure and Properties A.Classification 2o2o 3o3o

Alcohols B. Shape and bond angle: C. Polarity: D. Intermolecular Forces:

Alcohols E. Melting points and boiling points: F. Solubility: 2 C’s in chain water soluble 8 C’s in chain water insoluble

Alcohols Example Give the IUPAC name of the following alcohol. II.Nomenclature Common Names Diols and Triols

Alcohols Methanol (CH 3 OH) Ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH) 2-Propanol (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH), isopropyl alcohol III.Interesting Common Alcohols Ethylene glycol (HOCH 2 CH 2 OH) Glycerol [(HOCH 2 ) 2 CHOH]

Alcohols A. Oxidation # of C—O bonds, # of C—H bonds IV.Reactions of Alcohols

Alcohol Oxidation

Alcohols B. Dehydration (Elimination Reaction) – Major Lab #2

Alcohols C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 CH 3 H H HH H H OH 2-butanol H 2 SO 4 C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 CH 3 H H HH H C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 H H HH H + H 2 O 1-butene 2-butene Asymmetric alcohols can form two possible products. Zaitsev Rule major product:

Ethers I.Structure and Properties A. Shape and bond angle: B. Polarity: C. Intermolecular Forces?

Ethers D. Melting and Boiling Points: E. Solubilities:

Ethers Simple ethers are usually assigned common names: CH 3 OCH 2 CH 3 methylethyl ethyl methyl ether CH 3 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 ethyl diethyl ether II.Nomenclature More complex ethers are named using the IUPAC system: CH 3 O— methoxy CH 3 CH 2 O— ethoxy

Alkyl Halides 1o1o I.Structure and Properties 2o2o 3o3o Polarities, Intermolecular forces, Melting and Boiling Points, Solubility

Alkyl Halides Example Give the IUPAC name of the following alkyl halide. II.Nomenclature