The Internet Rachel Zhang ICS4U1-01 Mr. Krnic

History & Development The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. Initial concepts of packet networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, Great Britain, and France. The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s for packet network systems, including the development of the APRANET (which would become the first network to use the Internet Protocol.) The first message was sent over the ARPANET from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI)

History & Development 1969: ARPANET was born. 4 nodes were inter-connected: UCLA, SRI, UCSB, U. of Utah. 1974: IP was the connectionless datagram service in the original Transmission Control Program introduced by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1974; the other being the connection-oriented Transmission Control Protocol(TCP). The Internet protocol suite is therefore often referred to as TCP/IP. 1975: Altair produces the first portable computer. 1983: Domain Name System (DNS) pioneered by Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris and Craig Partridge. DNS gives us the ability to use plain language web addresses. 1984: four UC Berkeley students wrote the first Unix name server implementation, called the Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) Server. 1990: The world’s first website, a text-only effort describing the World Wide Web or “W3” browser, goes live on the world’s first server. It was run on Tim Berners-Lee’s NeXT computer at CERN, which is now on display at the organization’s museum. 1991: The World Wide Web is launched to the public on August 6, 1991.

History & Development

Infrastructure – World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW) is an open source informatio space where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet. The World Wide Web was invented by English scientist Tim Berners- Lee in He wrote the first web browser in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland. The World Wide Web was central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet

Infrastructure URL: URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator and is a reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet. HTTP: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Web Servers: Web services are open standard (XML, SOAP, HTTP etc.) based Web applications that interact with other web applications for the purpose of exchanging data. Application Ports: In computer networking, a port is an endpoint of communication in an operating system.

Infrastructure ISP: An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Yak and Rogers are top internet service provider in Canada now. Mbps:Mbps is the ISP industry-standard. Mbps is short for megabits per second, a measure of data transfer speed (a megabit is equal to one million bits). Domain names: A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control within the Internet. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name. IP addresses: An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing.

Scripting Scripting is a high-level programming language that is interpreted by another program at runtime rather than compiled by the computer's processor as other programming languages (such as C and C++) are. Scripting languages, which can be embedded within HTML, commonly are used to add functionality to a Web page. Scripting languages came about largely because of the development of the Internet as a communications tool. JavaScript, ASP, JSP, PHP, Perl, Tcl and Python are examples of scripting languages. PHP: Personal Home Page (PHP) is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, JavaScript: JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic, untyped, and interpreted programming language that adds interactivity to your website jQuery: jQuery is a JavaScript library that allows web developers to add extra functionality to their websites. It is open source and provided for free under the MIT license.

actionScript ActionScript is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language that is designed specifically for Web site animation. ActionScript is used primarily for the development of websites and software targeting the Adobe Flash Player platform, used on Web pages in the form of embedded SWF files. Developed by Macromedia Inc.

Markup Language a system (as HTML or SGML) for marking or tagging a document that indicates its logical structure (as paragraphs) and gives instructions for its layout on the page especially for electronic transmission and display The language specifies code for formatting, both the layout and style, within a text file. The code used to specify the formatting are called tags. HTML: HyperText Markup Language is the standard markup language used to create web pages. Along with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology, used by most websites to create visually engaging web pages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications.

Summary The Internet nowadays is one of the most important thing in our lives. It helps us day by day to communicate, to do research. The history of the Internet is intricate, so the Internet has great variety. Internet Infrastructure consisting of a top5 areas :data centers, network connectivity, computer equipment, storage services, server applications A scripting language is a programming language designed for integrating and communicating with other programming languages. Some of the most widely used scripting languages are JavaScript, VBScript, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, ASP and Tcl.

Bibliography history-internet#Origins history-internet#Origins rtner/ rtner/ timeline.htm timeline.htm iki/ActionScript