UNIT 5: Determiners 本单元学习目标： 辨别不同类型的限定词； 了解限定词与名词的搭配关系； 掌握不同类型的句子中限定词的使用方法。 主讲教师：张朝霞

限定词 与冠词一样，限定词与名词搭配，提供有关名词的重 要信息，限定词可以通过不同的方式说明与其搭配的 名词的数量。最精确的表示数量的方式是使用数词， 如三百、六百、三十二等。在书写中，小于十的数量， 通常用单词表示，大于十的数量，就用阿拉伯数字表 示。如： There are four classes. Each class has 45 students. 限定词也可以表示它们所修饰的名词的顺序。如： The first month of spring.

many, (a) few, a lot of, much, (a) little Uses of many, (a) few, a lot of, much, (a) littleExamples many 修饰可数名词，表示复数：许多 Many tables. (a) few 修饰可数名词，表示复数：几个。 其中 a few 修饰肯定句， few 修 饰否定句，表示几乎没有 1 、 a few houses. 2 、 few houses. A lot of （ lots of) 修饰可数和不可数名词，表示： 许多 1 、 a lot of rice. 2 、 a lot of computers. much 修饰不可数名词，表示：许多 Much water. (a) little 修饰不可数名词，表示：一些。 其中 a little 修饰肯定句， little 修饰否定句，表示几乎没有 1 、 a little orange juice. 2 、 little milk.

many, (a) few, a lot of, much, (a) little 比较级 Greater quantitySmaller quantity Many( 修饰可数） morefewer (a) few ( 修饰可数） A lot of ( 修饰可数、 不可数） moreFewer, less much ( 修饰不可数） moreless (a) little ( 修饰不可数）

Both, either, neither 用于数量为两个的人或事物，只出现可数名词前 Uses of both, either, neitherExamples both Means ‘one and the other.’ Used with countable nouns in the plural. Stephen enjoyed both films. either Means ‘any one of two.’ Used with countable nouns in the singular. Stephen didn’t enjoy either film. You may take either road. neither Means ‘not one and not the other.’ Used with countable nouns in the singular. Stephen enjoyed neither film. ＊ None Means ‘not one.’ Used with countable nouns in the singular or in the plural and countable nouns. None of them has / hav e got a bike. None of this money is mine.

all, every 或 each 来表示大量的人或事物 Uses of all, every, eachExamples all Means three or more people or things considered as a group. Used with countable nouns in the plural. Used with uncountable nouns. I’ve checked all houses. The child drank up all milk. every Means three or more people or things considered individually. Used with countable nouns in the singular. Mr. Brown knows every student in his class by name. each Means two or more people or things considered separately, one by one. Used with countable nouns in the singular. She had a book in each hand. Nora talked to each guest in turn.

Some, any, no Uses of some, any, noExamples some means‘ a certain number or amount.’ Used with countable plural nouns and uncountable nouns. Used in affirmative statements. Used in questions where the answer ‘yes’ is expected. Used in questions for offers and requests. I have some brushes here. We bought some honey. Have you got some coins? (I expect so.) Would you like some wine? May I have some wine, please? Means ‘a certain number or amount.’ Used with countable nouns in the singular. Some guy called for you just now. Can you give me some idea of the cost? any Means ‘ a certain number or amount.’ Used with countable plural nouns and uncountable nouns. Used in questions and negative statements. Do you have any paintbrushes I could use? I don’t have any brushes here. Have you got any money? Means ‘practically every.’ Used with countable singular nouns and uncountable nouns. Used in affirmative statements. Any child can do that. Tony will eat any food. no Means ‘not one’ or ‘not any’. Used with countable and uncountable nouns. I have no brushes here. There is no letter for you. No progress has been made.

another 和 other 表示说话人对事物的选择 Uses of another and otherExamples another Shows a choice between single persons or things. Means ‘an additional…’ or ‘a different…’ Used with countable nouns in the singular. Buy two shirts and get another shirt free. My mobile phone keeps breaking down. I want another model. other Shows a choice among a group of people or things. Means ‘additional…’ or ‘different…’ Used with countable nouns in the plural. Do you have any other questions? He was playing with two other children.

Exercises (1) They paid __money for the machine than I expected. (little, fewer, less, much) (2) The children don’t like this story. Please tell them__. (3)There are four dictionaries on the bookshelf, one is French,__ are English. (4) He has published __short stories in English.( many a, a great number, a great amount of) (5)__ of side of the street was crowded with people.( either, each,every)