Introduction to Psychology Class 22: Social Psychology 2 Myers: 541-554 August 7, 2006.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Psychology Class 22: Social Psychology 2 Myers: August 7, 2006

Attitude A belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, ideas, and events

So an attitude = cognition + emotion Remember that predisposition + situation = behavior Also see how attitudes -> behavior -> attitudes

Measurement Explicit or Overt measures - Self-reports - Bogus pipeline Implicit or Covert Measures - Non-verbal behavior - Physiology; e.g. Facial EMG, BP - Reaction times; e.g. IAT

Attitude change Celebrity Viewer Diet Coke COGNITIVE CONSISTENCY: No attitude change Person B Person A Marriage + - -

Celebrity Viewer Diet Coke COGNITIVE INCONSISTENCY: Attitude change Person B Person A Marriage + - +

Cognitive dissonance The effect of counter-attitudinal behavior on original attitude (Leon Festinger) - $1 is “insufficient justification” for a lie (dissonance) - Participants infer that they must have liked the experiment (resolution of dissonance) - In the process, there is attitude change

Routes to Persuasion Degree of elaboration - Motivation (high, low) - Opportunity (high, low) 1) Central (high M, high O) “So that is why he supports the policy in question…” 2) Peripheral (low M, low O) “Hm, he is rather charming…”

Social Influence Compliance Changes in behavior elicited by direct requests Obedience Change in behavior produced by commands of authority Conformity The tendency to change perceptions, opinions, or behavior in ways that are consistent with group norms

Compliance: Robert Cialdini Foot-in-the-door 2-step technique in which an influencer sets the stage for a real request by first getting a person to comply with a much smaller request Door-in-the-face 2-step technique in which an influencer prefaces the real request with one so large that it is bound to be rejected

Obedience: Stanley Milgram

Cults and mass suicides War and violence

Conformity: Solomon Asch

Group Influences Private vs. public conformity Information vs. normative influence

Other effects of others on behavior Social facilitation Social loafing Group polarization Groupthink

Role-Playing: Phil Zimbardo Stanford Prison Experiment Ethical issues Findings

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