The Rise of Fascism and Totalitarianism Stalin’s Soviet Union Mussolini’s Italy Fascism in Spain Totalitarianism in Japan Fascist Germany Hitler and The “Master Race” Persecution of the Jewish people and Minorities Living Space

The Rise of Dictators The panic and protest of the 1930s caused many people to look for new political parties with radical plans for change Several charismatic leaders promised solutions to the suffering and incompetent leaders -Soon these same leaders turned into dictators unable to be challenged

Totalitarian State The government has total control over all aspects of politics and society Uses violence and intimidation Other political parties are banned No toleration of opposition Propaganda indoctrinates the population Government controls the economy Persecution of undesirable citizens (scapegoats)

Stalin’s Soviet Union 1928 became leader of the Soviet Union -Replaced Vladimir Lenin

Stalin’s Soviet Union 5 Year Plans -to industrialize the country and give the Government total control of the economy -Collectivize agriculture -Create Industrial projects

Stalin’s Persecution and Repression of citizens 5 Year Plans implemented at the expense of the people Secret police and control of the courts The Great Purge -Stalin eliminated anyone who he thought opposed him or the Communist party Gulags (labour camps in Siberia)

Benito Mussolini leader of Italy 1922 Established the Fascist Party -Emphasized Nationalism and challenged the Democratic government

Mussolini’s Blackshirts Gangs of fascists -intimidated their opponents by attacking communists and socialists in the streets 1922 March on Rome Blackshirts demanded that the government be turned over to Mussolini

Mussolini’s Italy Called Il Duce (The Leader) All communications, industry, agriculture, and labour under fascist control Allied with Hitler

Hitler’s Germany 1921 Leader of the Nazi Party -National Socialist German Worker’s Party 1933 Chancellor of Germany -Gained popularity by attacking the Weimar Republic and the Treaty of Versailles -Called the Fuhrer

Hitler's Germany Called the Third Reich Meaning "third regime or empire," the Nazi designation of Germany and its regime from Focused on industrialization, militarization, and territorial expansion Once Hitler gained control of the government, he directed Nazi Germany’s foreign policy toward undoing the Treaty of Versailles and restoring Germany’s standing in the world.

Hitler’s Germany: A Culture of Hate The “Master Aryan Race” -Believed the Germans were a superior people -Non Aryans considered inferior Heinrich Himmler -Leader of the SS (death squad) and head of the Gestapo (secret Police) -Nazi Minister of the Interior from 1943 to organizer of the Final Solution

Persecution of Jewish People Kristallnacht Nov Government encouraged -Nazi mobs attack Jewish public spaces and people Nuremburg Laws -Restricted Jewish rights -Star of David Concentration and extermination Camps

Francisco Franco of Spain Led the Nationalists against the democratic government and provoked a 3 year civil war Became ruler of Spain in Aided by Hitler

Franco’s Spain Brutal dictator who ruled by intimidation and violence 1000s Imprisoned in concentration camps -Forced labour -Ruled until 1975

Emperor Hirohito of Japan Emperor Sole leader of Japan -The Diet had no power as all members had to answer to the emperor Military Empire attacked other countries for resources