Characteristics of Flow States and The Zone Personal examples? Is It A Special Case of Intrinsic Motivation? Flow and peak performances; peak experiences

The Flow Model ______________________ Essential elements of flow _________________________________ (continued)

The Flow Model ______________________ Essential elements of flow ______________________

The Typical Context of Flow A balance of skill and challenge

Flow: How to Achieve It (assume skills & challenging task present) Use precompetitive & competitive plans (vs distractions, interruptions of routines) Achieve optimal arousal before performing Maintain an appropriate focus (stay in the present; task focus not outcome or “other” focused) Achieve optimal physical preparation and readiness. (vs injury, fatigue) Exhibit confidence and positive mental attitude & self talk; (+) team interaction. (vs doubt, worry; team disruptions)

Factors That Disrupt Flow Stoppage in play What opposition is doing Negative refereeing decisions Non-optimal environmental and situational influences Inappropriate, negative, or no feedback; (e.g., leading golf tourney)

Factors That Disrupt Flow Lack of physical preparation Injury during the competition Fatigue Problems with physical readiness or physical state

Factors That Disrupt Flow Negative talk on the field Team not playing well Lack of team interactions Problems with team performance or interactions Inappropriate focus Worrying about competitor’s ability Daydreaming Loss of concentration Self-doubt Putting pressure on self

Controllability of Flow States Although athletes cannot control flow, they can still increase the probability of its occurring but….how do we really know flow? Researching flow: Dangers of retrospective introspection

Retrospective introspection Researching flow, peak performance & peak experiences recall greatest moment compare successful vs unsuccessful athletes identify optimal states/zones (IZOF) identify mental prep strategies asking top athletes, coaches, psychologists etc.