Human Body System 4/23/15 Taylor, Misael, Juan, Yonas, and Samuel Digestive System Human Body System 4/23/15 Taylor, Misael, Juan, Yonas, and Samuel

Mouth The mouth allows food to enter the body. Air also enters the mouth. The mouth has different organs in the body such as the epiglottis, pharynx, and tongue.

Pharynx The pharynx is known as the throat. It is the passageway from the mouth, to the nose, and the esophagus and larynx. The pharynx allows the swallowed food and liquids to go through a passageway down to the esophagus.

Epiglottis The epiglottis is a switch between the larynx and esophagus. It allows air to enter the lungs and food to pass through the gastrointestinal tract. The epiglottis also protects the body from choking on food that would disrupt the airway.

Esophagus & Stomach The esophagus seems to have only one important function in the body - to carry food, liquids, and saliva from the mouth to the stomach. The stomach then acts as a container to start digestion and pump food and liquids into the intestines in a controlled process. The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. The esophagus is about 8 inches long, and is lined by moist pink tissue called mucosa. The esophagus runs behind the windpipe (trachea) and heart, and in front of the spine. Just before entering the stomach, the esophagus passes through the diaphragm.

Stomach Ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach. The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine.

Liver Function Production of bile; which helps carry away waste and break down fats in the small intestine during digestion Production of certain proteins for blood plasma It metabolizes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and makes blood clotting proteins Enzymes help drive these chemical reactions

Gall Bladder Functions Stores and concentrates bile, a yellow-brown digestive liquid produced by the liver Absorptive epithelial lining concentrates the stored bile The gallbladder contracts and secretes bile into the small intestine through the common bile duct The bile helps the digestive process by emulsifying fats and neutralizing acids in partially-digested food

Pancreas Functions Releases juices directly into the bloodstream Produces enzymes and sends them to the small intestine to further break down food after it has left the stomach Three diseases associated with the pancreas are pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and diabetes It also produces insulin and glucagon

Parts of The Small Intestine There are three major parts of the Small Intestine Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Duodenum The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine and prevents any stomach acid from getting into the small intestine The duodenum connects to 4 different organs around it, these include: Pancreas Liver Gallbladder Stomach The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder all provide a lubricating agent that allows food to move smoothly through the rest of the small intestine

Jejunum Second part of the small intestine This covers half of the main portion of the small intestine The main purpose is to take out the nutrients from the food that you eat

Ileum The ileum is the final part of the small intestine and connects to the colon/large intestine This part of the small intestine is responsible for the reabsorption of bile salts and vitamin B12

Parts in The Large Intestine Rectum Appendix Anus

Appendix A thin tube about 4 inches long Usually lies near the abdomen Function of the appendix is unknown

Rectum The Rectum is usually 8-12 inches long It connects the colon to the anus It’s primary function is to receive stool from the colon, and wait until it is ready to come out.

Anus Last part of The Digestive System tract Consists of two anal sphincters (inside and out) Sphincters control the holding of stool Pelvic Floor muscle has an angle between the rectum and anus that protects it from stool coming out when not necessary.

Sources http://www.innerbody.com/image_digeov/dige02-new2.html http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1081754/human-digestive- system/45316/Pharynx http://www.innerbody.com/image_digeov/dige28-new.html http://www.seattlechildrens.org/clinics-programs/transplant/intestine/how- the-small-intestine-works/