EFFECTIVE LECTURING Dr. Mohammed O. Al-Rukban Assistant Professor of Family Medicine

Believe it or Not  The believability of what we communicate is influenced: 7% by words. 7% by words. 38% by tone of voice. 38% by tone of voice. 55% by body language. 55% by body language.

Believe it or Not  The impact of visuals on memory retention shows that they are very effective in reinforcing what you say. Retention____ After 3hAfter 3 days After 3hAfter 3 days Tell only 70% 10% Show only 72% 20% Show & tell 85% 65%

Believe it or Not  A study on the effect of lecture information density on medical student achievement indicated that: increasing the information density of a lecture reduced retention of the basic information  During the Lecture, Maximum student concentration rose in :10-15min

* Purposeful (match needs) Principles of Adult Learning * Active * Need clear objectives * Need feedback

Teaching Strategy Set (preparation) Dialogue * Closure * *

TeachingStrategy Teaching Strategy ( Set ) * Roles * Objectives / Outline * Objectives / Outline

Preparation List the steps for presentation preparation Criticize the different types of audiovisual aids Identify the ideal slide preparation Recognize the different interactive techniques

Preparation Organize the material thoroughly Chose 3 main points Prepare more material than expected Check A/V as this will guide the presentation

Preparing for a lecture, Consider:  Students ( prior knowledge / assumptions )  Major points (concrete examples / linking to student own experience )  Logical structure.  Connections with previously covered material.  Fitting into overall plan.

TeachingStrategy Teaching Strategy ( Set ) * Roles * Objectives / Outline * Objectives / Outline * Environment * Environment

Environment Location Room size Room temperature Chairs Doors and windows LighteningTiming Setting tone

TeachingStrategy Teaching Strategy (Dialogue) * Questions * Silence

قال النبي  مخاطباً أصحابه في الحج : أي شهر هذا ؟ قلنا الله ورسوله أعلم، فسكت حتى ظننا أنه سيسميه بغير أسمه، قال أليس هذا ذا الحج؟ قلنا بلا ، ثم سأل بنفس الطريقة أي بلد هذا ؟ وأي يوم هذا ؟ وفي كل مرة يسكت قبل الجواب ثم قال أن دمائكم وأموالكم وأعراضكم عليكم حرام كحرمة يومكم هذا في شهركم هذا في بلدكم هذا ؟ إثارة الانتباه بالصمت

* Repeat Students Answers * Negative Response Responding Skills * Positive response * Positive response * Follow-up questions * Re-direct the question

TeachingStrategy Teaching Strategy (Dialogue) * Questions * Understanding

How do I Promote Understanding * Limit key points to 3-5 * Limit key points to 3-5 * Emphasize key points * Emphasize key points * Summarize after each key point * Summarize after each key point * Use a variety of examples, diagrams and illustrations * Use a variety of examples, diagrams and illustrations

( ألم ترى كيف ضرب الله مثلاً كلمة طيبة كشجرة طيبة أصلها ثابت وفرعها في السماء تؤتى أكلها كل حين بإذن ربها ) إبراهيم أمثلة من القرآن الكريم ( وأضرب لهم مثل الحيوة الدنيا كماء أنزلنه من السماء فاختلط به نباتُ الأرض فأصبح هشيماً تذروهُ الرياح وكان الله على كل شئٍ مقتدرًا) الكهف

أمثلة من السنة المطهرة (إن مثل المؤمن الذي يقرأ القرآن كمثل الأترجه طعمها طيب وريحها طيب ) ( إن من الشجر شجرة لا يسقط ورقها وإنها مثل المسلم حدثوني ما هي ؟ )

خط رسول الله  خطاً ثم قال هذا سبيل الله مستقيماً ، وخط عن يمينه وشماله ثم قال هذه السبل ليس فيها سبيل الا عليها شيطان يدعو اليه ثم قرأ )وأن هذا صراطي مستقيماً فاتبعوه ولا تتبعوا السبل فتفرق بكم عن سبيله ( استخدام الرسومات للتوضيح والبيان في التعليم النبوي

Local Changes in Digestive Tract Receptors in Digestive Tract Intrinsic Nerve Plexuses Extrinsic Autonomic Nerves Smooth Muscle Exocrine Gland Endocrine Gland Gastrointestinal Hormones Short Reflex Long Reflex Hormonal Response

Local Changes in Digestive Tract Receptors in Digestive Tract Smooth Muscle Exocrine Gland Endocrine Gland Gastrointestinal Hormones Hormonal Response

Local Changes in Digestive Tract Receptors in Digestive Tract Extrinsic Autonomic Nerves Smooth Muscle Exocrine Gland Endocrine Gland Long Reflex

Local Changes in Digestive Tract Receptors in Digestive Tract Intrinsic Nerve Plexuses Smooth Muscle Exocrine Gland Endocrine Gland Short Reflex

Local Changes in Digestive Tract Receptors in Digestive Tract Intrinsic Nerve Plexuses Extrinsic Autonomic Nerves Smooth Muscle Exocrine Gland Endocrine Gland Gastrointestinal Hormones Short Reflex Long Reflex Hormonal Response

Teaching Strategy (Dialogue) * Questions * Understanding * Presentation skills

Presentation Skills Eyecontact * Eye contact Speech * Speech Introduction *Introduction Movements * Movements Bodygesture * Body gesture Facialexpression * Facial expression

عن عائشة  قالت : كان كلام رسول الله كلاماً فاصلاً يفهمه كل من سمعه. وضوح الكلام في الخطاب النبوي

Effective Lecture Teacher Learner interaction Interactive Lecture

Interactive Presentation Definition: Interactive presentation implies active involvement and participation by the audience so they are no longer passive in the learning process. Yvonne Steinert & Linda S. Snell, 1999 HOW??

Teaching Strategy (Dialogue) * Questions * Understanding * Presentation skills * Timing

Teaching Strategy Teaching Strategy ( CLOSURE ) * Review * Review * Observe non-verbal communication * Observe non-verbal communication * Summary * Summary * Get feedback ( 2 minute essay ) * Termination ( Take Home Massage ) * Termination ( Take Home Massage )

How can I improve my lecture Get Feedback * Peer consultation * Peer consultation * Tape your lecture * Tape your lecture * Student ( verbal & written ) * Student ( verbal & written )

CHECKLISTFOR EFFECTIVE LECTURING EFFECTIVE LECTURING

 Be Prepared * Outline Clear Objectives * Develop an Outline * Limit main points to 3– 5 * Plan for Diverse Learners

 Engage Your Audience * Focus Attention * Share Your Outline * Exhibit Enthusiasm * Give Students Time to Think and Opportunities to Respond

 Get Feedback * Observe non-verbal Communication (note-taking, face expressions and eye contact ) * Ask about areas of confusion

Summary  Be prepared and chose three important points, issues for your presentation  Eye contact, voice, and body gesture are the areas needed much to convey your message to the audience (interactive technique)  Find out the audio-visual available, and have a backup plan  Change the mode of delivery every 15 min and keep it interactive.