CHAPTER 1: MATTER

1.1 MATTER HAS MASS AND VOLUME

1.2 MATTER IS MADE OF ATOMS

WHAT IS AN ATOM? Atoms are the smallest, basic unit on matter. They are the building blocks that create elements. Atoms are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope

WHAT IS A MOLECULE? When 2 or more atoms bond together they form a molecule. Molecules can be: Elements = made of two of the same kind of atoms Compounds = two different kinds of atoms

WHAT IS A MOLECULE? Example: oxygen molecule (2 oxygen atoms = ELEMENT)

WHAT IS A MOLECULE? Example: water molecule (2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom = COMPOUND)

WHAT IS A MOLECULE? If you break a molecule down you end up with an atom. Molecules can be made of different numbers of atoms Molecules made of the same type of atom but a different number create a different substance.

ATOMS AND MOLECULE MOVEMENT Atoms and molecules are always in motion. In liquid objects the motion is easy to observe In solid objects the motion is not noticeable Example: How does food coloring spread in a class of water? Motion of the water molecules.

ATOMS AND MOLECULE MOVEMENT Example: How does food coloring spread in a class of water? Motion of the water molecules.

1.3 MATTER COMBINES TO FORM DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES

MATTER CAN BE PURE OR MIXED. Matter can be pure or it can be two or more substances mixed together. The only way to identify matter as pure or mixed is to look at the atoms or molecules in that matter. Pure substance only contains atoms of that substance Ex: pure water only has water molecules Pure silver only has silver atoms

WHAT IS AN ELEMENT? Another name for a pure substance is an element. Element is a substance made of only 1 type of atom. The number of atoms does not matter, as long as they are the same type The number of atoms does not matter, as long as they are the same type YOU CANNOT BREAK AN ELEMENT DOWN INTO A SIMPLER SUBSTANCE.

WHAT IS AN ELEMENT?

WHAT IS A COMPOUND? Compound is a substance that is made of two or more elements bonded together. A compound and a molecule are the same. CAN BE BROKE DOWN INTO A SIMPLER SUBSTANCE, AN ELEMENT A compound can have different properties than the individual elements themselves. Ex: table salt, NaCl, is safe to eat but the elements Na and Cl are poisonous alone.

WHAT IS A MIXTURE? Mixture is a combination of different substances that can be separated by physical means These substances remain the same individual substances Example: Kool-Aid is a mixture of the pure substances water, sugar, and flavor mix

COMPOUND VS. MIXTURE Compounds are NEW substances formed from bonded atoms. Mixtures are substances blended together, but each substance still keeps its original properties. Compounds are broken down by breaking the bond between atoms. Mixtures are separated by a physical means

COMPOUND VS. MIXTURE

TYPES OF MIXTURES Heterogenous mixture = all the substances can be seen and separated within the mixture “hetero” mean different Homogenous mixture = all the substances cannot be seen separately; all blended together “homo” means same

TYPES OF MIXTURES