Unit1 Living well-Grammar. 高二选修 7

Infinitive

动词不定式的作用 主语 (subject) 宾语 (object) 表语 (predicative) 定语 (attribute) 状语 (adverbial) 宾补 (object complement)

1. Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. × √ √ × 3. All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly. 2. My job is to help the patients. Ⅲ. 作表语 不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain 等后作表语． 如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的 do ，用作表语的 不定式可省略 to

Ⅳ. 作定语 ( 常常表示将来的动作 ) 1. 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. Ladies and gentlemen,I have something important to tell you. 2. 当名词被 the first,the last, the only 等词以及 形容词最高级修饰时 eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave. ① ②

4. 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需适当的介词 Please pass me some paper to write____. She has a nice pen to write _____. He bought a flat for the family to live ____. 5. Do you have a letter to send? Do you have a letter to be sent? 你有信要我寄吗？ 你有信要寄吗？ on with in 3. 也可用在 have… to do 和 there be 句型中。 There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.

eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. Ⅴ. 作状语 1. 表示目的 : to / in order to / so as to 2. 表示原因 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed 等。 eg: I’m glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.

3. 结果状语 : so + adj. / adv. + as to do… such + adj. + n. +as to do… adj. / adv.+ enough + to do too + adv. / adj. +to do ③ We hurried to the station only to find the train had left. He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it. I’m too tired to walk any further tonight. ① ②

Ⅵ. 作宾补 I didn’t ask you to pay for the meal. They have warned us to be careful of rats. 不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略 to “ 感觉 ” feel “ 听 ” hear, listen to “ 使役动词 ”have, make, let “ 看 ” see, look at, observe, watch, notice

但当以上的动词用于被动式， to 要还原： 1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree. 2. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.

动词不定式的时态和语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 to do to have done to be doing to have been doing 形 式主 动被 动 to be done to have been done

1. I asked him to attend the meeting. 2. He seems to be reading English poems. 3. He is said to have translated the book into English last year. （ to attend the meeting 动作发生在 ask 后 ) （ seem 和 read 同时发生, 强调动作正在进行） （ translate the book 发生在 be said 之前）

The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with. 1. 主语＋ be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容词有： difficult,easy, comfortable,fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome( 使人疲劳 的 ),interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc. 主动形式表被动意义的不定式

The box is light enough to carry. The river water is warm enough to swim in. 2. 主语 +be +adj. + enough +to do The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on. 3. 主语 +be +too +adj. +to do

1. Last summer I took a course on____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. There are five pairs____, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing

5.I would love ___to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone 6.____late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 4.I find these problems are easy___. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out

7. Tom kept quiet about the accident ＿＿ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 8. John was made ____the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 9. The patient was warned ___oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating

10. It’s said that the Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 11. Will you please tell me why you had no pen ____ in class, Kate? A. to have written B. to be written with C. to have been written D. to write with

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