Aim: How are organic compounds important to living things?

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: How are organic compounds important to living things?

What inorganic compounds are essential to living things? 75% H 2 O Minerals Vitamins

Organic and Inorganic Compounds What is this ugly creature made of? We are made of organic and inorganic molecules!

What organic compounds are essential to living things? Lipids Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Proteins

What makes a molecule organic? Carbohydrates, proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids are considered organic because they contain carbon- hydrogen bonds, whereas inorganic molecules do not.

What are Monomers & Polymers? Monomers- are small, single molecular units like glucose and fructose. Polymers- are a chains of monomers strung together. Polymers are produced through dehydration synthesis and broken down through hydrolysis. Dehydration- take H2O out Hydrolysis- Put H2O in

What is the difference?

Dehydration Synthesis Glucose + Sucrose H2OH2O Monomers are added to a growing chain to form polymers Energy

Carbohydrates A carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of sugar molecules.

What is the chemical formula of a carbohydrate? The basic chemical formula is C 6 H 12 O 6 Sugar contains C, H, & O in a 1:2:1 ratio 1) How many Carbons? 2) How many Hydrogens? 3) How many Oxygens? C 6 H 12 O

What are monosaccharides? The building blocks of carbohydrates (simple sugar) GlucoseGalactose These molecules only differ in how their atoms are arranged.

Why is glucose so important in living things? Glucose is the main fuel for cellular work

What does our body do with glucose when we don’t need it? Our body will incorporate glucose into larger carbohydrates for later use through dehydration Synthesis Storage

What is Sucrose? Sucrose is formed from 2 monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) It is called a disaccharide Double Sugar

What are Polysaccharides? Are long chains of monosaccharide monomers

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

Starch, Glycogen, & Cellulose Starch- is a polysaccharide found in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers Glycogen- is a polysaccharide of glucose monomers found in humans. Glycogen is stored as granules in our cells and is broken down when our body needs energy Cellulose- is a polysaccharide found in plants that help Stiffen plants to give them support.

How do we get energy from glycogen? H2OH2O Energy + Polysaccharide Glucose

Why are Lipids organic? Contain carbon and hydrogen Used for: Energy storage Membranes What has more energy?

Why are proteins organic? contain carbon and hydrogen Examples: enzymes hormones hemoglobin

Why are Nucleic acids organic? contain carbon and hydrogen DNA & RNA Both can replicate and store information