before thrombolysis in acute stroke

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Presentation transcript:

before thrombolysis in acute stroke CT perfusion and CT angiography before thrombolysis in acute stroke Kinga Pozsár , Géza Szilágyi PhD*, Gábor Forrai PhD National Health Center, Radiology Department *Neurology Department, Budapest Hungary

CLINICAL PROTOCOL 2007- 110 patients with intravenous thrombolysis, 2007 AHA, 2009 ESO guidelines NECT examination PATIENT Emergency Department: physical, neurological examination, laboratory tests CTA, CTP no CT positive (hemorrhage, tumour, stb.) over3 (4.5) hours within 3 (4.5) hours yes MCA or T occlusion or BA occlusion MCA or T occlusion or BA occlusion Admission to neurology department or other department Ennek a diának az a lényege, hogy az SBO ellátást integráltuk a gyors stroke ellátásba, úgy hogy segíti a gyors diagnózist, és a neurológus munkáját támogatja. A másik fontos dolog, hogy Magyarországon egyedül álló módon a rutin CT-n kívül a thrombolysisre kandidát betegeknél CTA és CTP készül rutinszerűen. Harmadik fontos, hogy az intézetben egy összesített thrombolysis protokol szerint dolgozunk, mely az intravénás és intrarterialis lysist szabályozza az érvényben lévő ESO 2009 és AHA 2007 ajánlások alapján. A jelen előadásban 22 thrombolysisre került betegünk CTA, CT és neurológiai eredményét mutatjuk be. no yes yes no Admission to neurology department or other department IAT IVT-IAT bridging IVT 2

RADIOLOGICAL PROTOCOL Unenhanced CT examination -exlusion of hemorrhage Perfusion CT examination -stroke radiological diagnosis -therapeutic plan (perfusion damaged area’s size and viable area’s proportion) CT angiography -site of the occlusion -evaluation of the carotid system ( intraarterial lysis) Contrast enhanced CT examination - Contraindication of thrombolysis (luxusperfusion, other pathological enhanced areas-tumours) Follow up CT examination (24, 48 hours) - hemorrhagic complications - size of finally damaged area

DATABASE 30 patients 17 females, 13 males Age 69.8±12.9 years Time (CT) 107.2±25,1 minutes Time (thrombolysis) 153.8±32,1 minutes Risk factors Hypertension 82% Ischaemic heart disease 45% Atrial fibrillation 36% Stroke 22% DM 18% Groups based on CTA Main artery occlusion ICA or T occlusion MCA primary branch occlusion MCA secondary-third- branch occlusion Itt elmondod a dián lévő dolgokat. IVT – intravénás lysis, IAT intraartretialis lysis. A rizikófaktoroknál a 22 betegnél előforduló legfontosabb rizikótényezői vannak. A csoportosítást a CTA eredménye szerint csináltuk. 4

AIMS We examined the perfusion damage, penumbra and supposedly damaged area’s size and proportion furthermore on follow up CT we examined saved and finally damaged area’s size and proportion in each group Penumbra – perfusion mismatch (MTT-CBV) MTT:7-8 sec, CBV:3ml/100g brain tissue Supposedly finally damaged area – CBV Finally damaged area-follow up CT hypodensity Cooperating with neurologists we compared the CT study results with clinical improvement -NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) -mRankin scale Efficiency of intravenous thrombolysis from clinical and radiological point of view

ICA OCCLUSION MTT Follow up CT CBF CBV CTA

SECONDARY BRANCH OCCLUSION MTT CBF Follow up CT CTA CBV

PERFUSION CT- RESULTS ICA, T occlusion MCA primary branch occlusion Itt a függőleges tengely cm2-ben van megadva. Értelemszerűen minél nagyobb ér van elzáródva, annál nagyobb a várható kiesés és a később kialakuló deficit. A kontroll CT 24-28 órásan készült, ezeken lett kiszámolva a kialakult károsodás nagysága a releváns szeletben. Fontos, hogy a területek nagysága semiquantitatív módon volt meghatározva, durván elmondható, hogy a CBV 3 ml alatti terület, míg az MTT 7-8 sec feletti területek lettek körberajzolva. Itt többet nem érdemes mondani, mert a lényeg a következő dián lesz. Secondary branch occlusion CBV MTT Penumbra Infarct In the relevant slices Saved area 8

PERFUSION CT- RESULTS ICA, T occlusion ICA, T occlusion CBV Damaged area Penumbra Saved area MCA primary branch occlusion MCA primary branch occlusion CBV Damaged area Penumbra A vizsgálat lényege itt van, ez egy fontos dia. Értelemszerűen elmondott a köröket és a színeket. A teljes kör az MTT nagysága és annak százalékos arányában vannak a cikkelyek. 1. lényeges: a 3 órán belül készült CTP alapján jól látszik, hogy mindhárom csoportban 50 % feletti a penumbra területe, ami egy tetemes megmenthető agyszövet. A legnagyobb penumbra terület a másod-, harmadlagos ágelzáródásnál van. 2. lényeges (nagyon fontos eredmény) hogy a szisztémás thrombolysissel a penumbra 80-90%-a megmenthető!!! Még a nagyérocclusio esetében is, holott az általánosan elfogadott tények szerint az ilyen esetekben a szisztemas lysis nem hatásos. A következő dián majd látni fogjuk, hogy az ACI elzáródott csoportban a funkcionális kimenetel nem túl jó, DE a képalkotók alapján látszik, hogy nagy mennyiségű agyszövetet lehet megmenteni, amit talán nem a csekély recanalisatioval van összefüggésben, hanem pl. a leptomeningealis kollateralis rendszer megnyílásával sé nyitva maradásável. Az eredmények érdekessége továbbá még az hogy az mca másodlagos elzáródás esetén a penumbrának kb. 80-a volt csak a megmentett terület, mégis a funkcionalis kimenetel itt volt a legjobb. Saved area MCA secondary branch occlusion MCA secondary branch occlusion Damaged area CBV Penumbra Saved area 9

NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOME ICA, T occlusion MCA primary branch occlusion Secondary branch occlusion Itt felsorolod a betegek távozási irányát. Fontos, hogy a halálozási ráta 10 % alatt volt, bár kicsi a mintaszám. Itt jól látszik, hogy minél nagyobb terület károsodik, akkor az jól tükrözi az NIHSS pontszámot (NIH stroke skála max 33., a neurológiában elfogadott mérőszáma a tünetek súlyosságának) . Az mca másodlagos elzáródásnál láttuk a legnagyobb javulást, ez 8 pont az NIH skálán és ebben a csoportban lett a legjobb neurológiai kimenetel is (módosított Rankin skála a beteget funkcionális osztályozása 0-1 pont jó állapot, minimális tünetek, 2-3 sok tünet és már kell segítség, 4-5 súlyos fekvő állapot, 6 halál). Idézzd vissza az előző diát, hogy annak ellenére, hogy az ACI occlsuio csoportban hatalmas terület lett megmentve, mégis az NIHSS javulás és főleg a fukcionális kimenetel (mRankin 3.8 volt) nem kielégítő. NHISS before NHISS 7 days later mRankin 7 days later All patients with secondary branch occlusion went home, 8 patinets got to the rehabilitation center, 9 patient got to the chronic center, 3 patients died 10

CT PERFUSION-DIAGNOSTIC ROLE CBV CTA MTT Young patient with mild hemisymptoms Perfusion damaged area in basal ganglions in PCA territory Small partial basilar thrombosis Therapeutic plan IA lysis CTA

SUMMARY Considerations CTP and CTA studies are useful for several reasons quick and easily available Diagnostic role (stroke radiological diagnosis- differential diagnosis) Therapeutic role (setting up therapeutic plan and foreseeing the therapeutic efficiency) Considerations - Patients arriving within 2 hours at the hospital have remarkable penumbra - A major part of penumbra can be saved performing intravenous lysis - In case of main artery occlusion nearly the whole penumbra can be saved within 3 hours - In case of secondary branch occlusion the intravenous lysis results in optimal functional outcome, however the whole penumbra is not saved IF THE CT PROTOCOL IS NOT ACCURATE FOR ANY REASON MRI EXAMINATION IS NECESSARY

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