Silent Way 穆國豪 (Howard) 賴詠真 (Janette) 藍中駿 (Peter) 廖宸妤 (Nadia) 楊博喩 (Brandy) 1

 Introduction  Theory  Demonstration & analysis  Conclusion (Comment) 2

Introduction 3

Noam Chomsky  Rule formation Use cognitionDiscover new rulesAcquire a language

The Silent way  Caleb Gattegno  In the early 1970s  Premises  Teacher should be silent as much as possible.  The learners should be encouraged to produce language as much as possible.  The learners work with resources and nothing else.  Teaching should be subordinated to learners.  Silence makes students to concentrate on what is to be learned. 5

Dr. Caleb Gattegno’s theory – Silent Way (SW) 6

What is Silent Way (SW)?  Teaching is subordinated  Classroom interaction> Classroom transaction  Teacher keeps silent to observe students’ reactions.  Teacher’s actions should be easy to observed and be inspired students’ reactions spontaneously.  Consider students learning background and use students own experience to teach. 7

What is Silent Way (SW)?  Process Results ( No Homework) 8

Objective of SW  Set up students’ inner criteria – Active in learning, self-correction  Attitude –Responsibility (student center )  Independent and experimental learners 9

Features of SW  The knowledge of mother tongue.  Focus on language learning, structure of language.  No ”repeat after me”, students speak out. 10

Teaching strategies of SW  Teacher's Silence/Gestures  Peer Correction-Learning &helping each other  Self-correction  Structured Feedback 11

Role of SW  Teacher- technician / engineer  Only the learner can do the learning  Force the learner’s awareness  Provide exercises  Student-  Using own background knowledge  Attention to the learning task  Actively engage in exploring the language  Personal responsibility 12

Interaction of teacher & student TeacherStudent Teacher & Students Silent Encourage Listen Active Speaking Trying 13

Materials of SW  Sound-Color Chart Sound-Color Chart  Fidel Chart Fidel Chart  Word Chart Word Chart  Rods Rods 14

Material- Sound color chart 15

Material- Fidel charts 16

Material- Word charts 17

Material- Colored Cuisenaire rods 18

Example 19

Demonstration & Analysis 20

Conclusion 29

Evaluation  Observe students performance.  Make sure students not only can input but also intake.  No compliments and criticisms.  Improvement is the most important. 30

Error Use errors as a basis for deciding whether further works is necessary. How to correct? Gestures (self-correct) Give right answers

Advantages  Make students be able to think by themselves  Be dependent on learning  Establish a particular surrounding to make students learn L2 voluntarily 32

Disadvantages/Difficulties  Student cannot understand what teacher mean totally  Students’ learning results are slower  Focus on building structure too much  Miss out cultural input through the language  Materials can cost a lot of time and money 33

Reference    Diana Larsen-Freeman, Techniques and principles in language teaching  Jack C. Richards, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching  Earl W.Stevick, A way and ways  orange.fr/une.education.pour.demain/materiels_pedago/sw/swprese. htm orange.fr/une.education.pour.demain/materiels_pedago/sw/swprese. htm  “The Silent Way” Young R. (2000) in Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning  Educational Solutions (UK) Limited  Unit 5. Feidr Castell Business Park FISHGUARD SA65 9BB 34