1 Press Ctrl-A ©G Dear 2009 – Not to be sold/Free to use Latitude and Longitude Stage 6 - Year 12 General Mathematics HSC

2 North Pole South Pole Angular Distance – Opposite Sides (1/8) The angular distance for angles on opposite sides of the equator can be found by adding the angles 50 o 50 o N + 30 o S = 30 o 80 o

3 North Pole South Pole Angular Distance – Same Side (2/8) The angular distance for angles on the same side of the equator can be found by subtracting the angles. 50 o 50 o N - 30 o S = 30 o 20 o

4 North Pole South Pole Distance - Nautical Miles – Opposite Sides (3/8) 50 o 30 o 1 o = 60 Nautical Mile (M) 50 o N + 30 o S = 80 o 80 o = 80 x 60M [1M ≈ km] 4800M ≈ 4800 x = = 4800 M = 8900 km

5 North Pole South Pole Distance - Nautical Miles – Same Side (4/8) 50 o 30 o 1 o = 60 Nautical Mile (M) 50 o N - 30 o S = 20 o 20 o = 20 x 60M [1M ≈ km] 1200M ≈ 1200 x = = 1200 M = 2200 km

6 North Pole South Pole Distance - Great Circle (5/8) Earth Radius ≈ 6400 km 70 o D = x 2  r ≈ x 2  x 6400 θ ≈ ≈ 78,200 km

7 North Pole South Pole Distance – Great Circle (6/8) 30 o Earth Radius ≈ 6400 km D = x 2  r ≈ x 2  x 6400 θ ≈ 3, ≈ 3,400 km

8 North Pole South Pole Distance - Speed (7/8) 1 knot = 1 M/hr 70 o D = 70 x 60 M An airplane travels 70 o along a great circle in 10 hours. What is its speed? = 4200 M Speed = 4200 ÷ 10 = 420 M/hr = 420 knots

9 North Pole South Pole Distance – Great Circle (8/8) 5o5o 1 knot = 1 M/hr D = 5 x 60 M An ship travels 5 o along a great circle in 5 hours. What is its speed? = 300 M Speed = 300 ÷ 5 = 60 M/hr = 60 knots