Restoration of Order Feudalism and the Manor

The Turn of the Millennium Before the year 1000 Christians were expecting the world to end Before the year 1000 Christians were expecting the world to end This fear, along with reformed monasticism in the 10 th century allowed the papacy to consolidate power into the power that is recognized as the Roman Catholic Church today This fear, along with reformed monasticism in the 10 th century allowed the papacy to consolidate power into the power that is recognized as the Roman Catholic Church today Surpluses of grain revitalized urban population and bolstered trade Surpluses of grain revitalized urban population and bolstered trade The Feudal system that began under the Carolingians began to solidify into a form of government as it dictated the culture, society, and economics of the 10 th and 11 th centuries The Feudal system that began under the Carolingians began to solidify into a form of government as it dictated the culture, society, and economics of the 10 th and 11 th centuries

Economic and Social Changes Manorialism- the economic ordering of agricultural production and the organization of the lives of the peasants involved with that production Manorialism- the economic ordering of agricultural production and the organization of the lives of the peasants involved with that production Feudalism- describes the relationship between a lord and his vassals and to the society itself Feudalism- describes the relationship between a lord and his vassals and to the society itself In the middle ages 90% of the population was peasants while 10% was nobility, clergy, and merchants In the middle ages 90% of the population was peasants while 10% was nobility, clergy, and merchants

Manorialism Medieval Europe had a mix of agricultural methods Medieval Europe had a mix of agricultural methods Some areas were farmed by free peasants who owned land and mixed cultivation with fishing or herding Some areas were farmed by free peasants who owned land and mixed cultivation with fishing or herding Most of the grain came from large manors with serfs who were unfree peasants that worked the land Most of the grain came from large manors with serfs who were unfree peasants that worked the land The manor was a community of peasants organized under the authority of a lord The manor was a community of peasants organized under the authority of a lord Was a unit of economic, judicial, and social organization Was a unit of economic, judicial, and social organization Characteristic of southeast England, northern France, western Germany, and the Rhone and Po river valleys Characteristic of southeast England, northern France, western Germany, and the Rhone and Po river valleys

Drawing of a Manor

Medieval Manor

The Lord’s Control Serfs and their children could not leave the manor without the lord’s permission Serfs and their children could not leave the manor without the lord’s permission The Lord ran a manorial court which could levy fines The Lord ran a manorial court which could levy fines The lord charged serfs to use his mill or winepress The lord charged serfs to use his mill or winepress The lord provided the local police and court system The lord provided the local police and court system Men had to work at least 3 days a week on the lord’s land and had to provide special services at certain times of the year Men had to work at least 3 days a week on the lord’s land and had to provide special services at certain times of the year Peasant paid rent in money and goods Peasant paid rent in money and goods Peasants had to give mandatory gifts at holidays Peasants had to give mandatory gifts at holidays If a man chose to marry off his daughter he paid the lord If a man chose to marry off his daughter he paid the lord If a serf moved from the manor he paid a yearly fine until he returned If a serf moved from the manor he paid a yearly fine until he returned

Housing and Food Lived in villages surrounded by fields Lived in villages surrounded by fields Peasants built stone houses and extended families lived together Peasants built stone houses and extended families lived together Where stone was scarce, they built A-frame houses with woven branches and clay Where stone was scarce, they built A-frame houses with woven branches and clay They slept on a straw pallet and usually displayed a crucifix in the room They slept on a straw pallet and usually displayed a crucifix in the room They ate mostly grain with the addition of eggs, cheese, beans, oats, peas, and a bit of meat (mutton) They ate mostly grain with the addition of eggs, cheese, beans, oats, peas, and a bit of meat (mutton) They drank either beer or wine depending on where they lived They drank either beer or wine depending on where they lived

Feudalism Describes the personal bonds among the elite society Describes the personal bonds among the elite society Refers to a patron/client relationship between two freemen Refers to a patron/client relationship between two freemen Vassal- a person who put himself under the protection of a lord in exchange foe military aid Vassal- a person who put himself under the protection of a lord in exchange foe military aid Lord and vassal both came from the upper classes of society Lord and vassal both came from the upper classes of society The vassal had to come to the aid of the lord and the lord owed the same to the vassal The vassal had to come to the aid of the lord and the lord owed the same to the vassal Fief- the land that is given to the vassal from the lord Fief- the land that is given to the vassal from the lord A vassal could receive fiefs from different lords but could only have one liege A vassal could receive fiefs from different lords but could only have one liege