Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development Female Reproductive System Chapter 18: Sec. 2 pp

Objectives 4 State the role of the female reproductive system 4 Describe the function of each of the organs of the female reproductive system 4 Describe the changes in the body during the menstrual cycle 4 Summarize four problems that can occur with the female reproductive system 4 List five things a female can do to keep her reproductive system healthy

Motivation 4 What does it mean to be a woman in today’s society? 4 Should one be able to procreate (have children) in order to be perceived as a man or woman? 4 What do you think is the source for the historic perception of women as an inferior species in comparison to men? 4 What would you do and can be done in order to change the negative perception of women?

Do Now 4 What do you think happens to the ovulated egg if it is not fertilized by a sperm? 4 List five things a female can do to keep her reproductive system healthy.

What the Female Reproductive System Does 4 Makes eggs and female hormones 4 Provides a place to support and nourish a developing human 4 Serves as a passageway for menstrual flow 4 Serves as birth canal to deliver a fetus *The female reproductive system is made up of several internal and external organs

Ova (Eggs) 4 Female reproductive cells –0.135 mm in diameter = size of a very sharp pencil point –Produce 1-2 million before birth –Has 700,000 by birth –400,000 are viable during puberty 4 Unite with the sperm to form a new human being

Ovaries 4 Produce eggs (ova) –Ovulation (releasing an egg) days after 1 st monthly period 4 Produce hormones –Estrogen –Progesterone

Vagina 4 Female sex organ and birth canal 4 The vagina allows menstrual flow to exit the body

Cervix 4 Opening from the vagina to the internal organs (uterus)

Uterus 4 The organ where the baby will form 4 Capable of tremendous enlargement

Endometrium 4 The blood lining of the uterus 4 It makes up the menstrual flow

Fallopian Tubes 4 Tubes where egg and sperm will meet (fertilization)

Fimbria 4 The “fingerlike” ends of the fallopian tubes 4 They catch the egg after ovulation

Ovulation 4 The release of an egg from the ovary

Menstrual Cycle 4 a woman will have her period about once every 28 days 4 a range of days is normal 4 during this cycle, a woman’s body prepares for pregnancy

Menstrual Cycle ( 28 Days ) 4 Days 1-5 (Menstrual Flow)3-7 days avg. 4 Days 6-13( New egg is maturing and estrogen causes a new endometrium to form in the uterus 4 Day 14 ( Ovulation ) 4 Day ( Egg travels in tube, progesterone causes the endometrium to thicken)

Menstrual Cycle (28 days) cont. 4 Days ( Estrogen and progesterone gradually cease) 4 This causes the endometrium to gradually break down 4 The menstrual period will begin on Day 1 4 The cycle will repeat itself

Diagram of a 28 Day Cycle (Flow of blood) (ovulation) (Hormones stop, endometrium breaks down) (New egg matures, Estrogen) (egg in tube, Progesterone)

Problems of the Female Reproductive System 4 Cystitis: inflammation of the urinary bladder 4 Vaginitis: vaginal infection by fungus, bacteria, or protozoa; may also be an STD

Problems of the Female Reproductive System 4 Delayed puberty (amenorrhea): late puberty due to anorexia, endocrine problems, or excessive weight loss 4 Menstrual cramps: cramps due to prostaglandin production

Problems of the Female Reproductive System 4 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS): mental and physical changes related to menstrual cycle 4 Toxic shock syndrome (TSS): poisoning of body from bacteria in vagina; often related to tampon use

Problems of the Female Reproductive System 4 Endometriosis: growth of tissue from uterine lining outside the uterus 4 Ovarian cyst: failure of follicle in ovary to rupture and release an egg 4 Cervical cancer: abnormal division of cells in the cervix

Keeping the Female Reproductive System Healthy 4 Preventing sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, and vaginal irritation 4 Relieving menstrual cramps 4 Annual Pelvic Exam (includes a breast and genital exam, Pap smear/test) 4 Early Detection of Breast Cancer –Perform the breast self-exam (BSE) during or after a warm bath or shower, and at least 1 week after a menstrual period (refer to pg. 442)

Seven Ways to Keep Healthy 4 Exercise regularly, and maintain a balanced diet 4 Gently wash the genital area everyday 4 Wipe the vaginal opening from front to back after urination 4 Change sanitary napkins or tampons every 4 to 6 hours when menstruating 4 Avoid wearing tight clothing that can cause discomfort 4 Have an annual pelvic exam with a doctor 4 Do a breast self-exam each month

Closure 4 Summarize the path of the egg through the female reproductive system.