1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 1 Writing Reports and Proposals

2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 2 Reports and Proposals EffectiveWritingEffectiveWritingEffective Visual Aids Effective

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 3 Audience Adaptation The “You” Attitude Style and Language Appropriate Tone Cultural Sensitivity

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 4 Composing Reports and Proposals IntroductionBodyConclusion Report Context Subject/Purpose Main Ideas Overall Tone Presentation Analysis Interpretation Support Main Points Benefits Action Items Action Details

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 5 Characteristics of Report Content Balanced Clear and Logical Clear and Logical Documented Properly Documented Properly Accurate Complete

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 6 Report Introduction Authorization Scope of Coverage Sources and Methods Limitations Opportunity or Purpose Background Terms and Definitions Report Organization

7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 7 The Report Body Explanations of problem or opportunity Facts, statistics, and trends Results of studies or investigations Discussion and analysis of potential actions Advantages, disadvantages, costs, and benefits

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 8 The Report Body Procedures or steps in a process Methods and approaches Criteria for evaluating options Conclusions and recommendations Support for conclusions and recommendations

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 9 The Report Closing Summary Conclusions Recommendations Action Plans

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 10 Content of Proposals AIDA IntroductionIntroduction BodyBody ClosingClosing AttentionInterest DesireAction SolicitedProposalUnsolicitedProposal

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 11 Demonstrate Your Knowledge Demonstrate Research the Competition Research Relate to Your Audience’s Needs Relate to Your Audience’s Needs Provide Concrete Examples Provide Offer a Workable Proposal Offer a Workable Proposal Present an Attractive Package Present an Attractive Package Strategies for Success

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 12 Proposal Introduction BackgroundBackground ScopeScope SolutionSolution OrganizationOrganization

13. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 13 The Proposal Body SolutionSolution QualificationsQualifications Work Plan Detailed Cost

14. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 14 The Proposal Closing Key Points QualificationsQualifications BenefitsBenefits CommitmentCommitment

15. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 15 Drafting Online Content 1.Build trust with intended audiences 2.Adapt content for global audience 3.Use the inverted pyramid style 4.Use a concise, skimmable format 5.Compose effective links

16. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 16 Collaborating on Wikis Forgo traditional expectations Edit and improve each other’s work Use templates and formatting options Apply the appropriate tools Practice in the “sandbox”

17. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 17 Three-Step Wiki Process Creating a Wiki Adding Content Revising Content

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 18 Guiding the Readers Previews and Reviews Transitional Devices Headings and Links Structure Key Points Consistency Words Phrases Paragraphs Introductions Overviews Summaries

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 19 Technology for Reports and Proposals Technology for Reports and Proposals Templates Electronic Forms Multimedia Documents Multimedia Documents Embedded and Linked Documents Embedded and Linked Documents Electronic Documents Electronic Documents Proposal-Writing Software Proposal-Writing Software

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 20 The Power of Images Enhance textual messages Replace verbal messages Convey complex information Hold people’s attention Communicate with diverse audiences Convey connotative meaning

21. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 21 Create Images Interpret Images Consistency Balance Contrast Emphasis Simplicity Convention Visual Literacy

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 22 The Ethics of Visual Communication Consider All Possible Interpretations Provide Appropriate Context Do Not Conceal Negative Information Do Not Exaggerate Support Information

23. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 23 The Ethics of Visual Communication Do Not Oversimplify Complex Situations Do Not Imply Cause and Effect Avoid Manipulation or Coercion Be Careful How You Aggregate Data

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 24 Choosing Points to Illustrate The 5 C’s of Visual DesignClear Complete Concise Connected Compelling

25. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 25 Pick the Right Visuals Data and Information Concepts and Ideas

26. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 26 The Parts of a Table Source: (In the same format as a text footnote). *Footnote (for explanation of elements in the table). Subhead Row head Subhead Total Subhead Multicolumn Head* XXX XX XXX XX Single-Column Head

27. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 27 Preparing Data Tables Common Units Consistent Usage Column Headings

28. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 28 Preparing Data Tables Rows and Columns Totals and Averages Data Sources

29. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 29 Line and Surface Charts Relationships Trends Variables 2011201020082009 70% 60% 50% 40%

30. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 30 Average Kiln Temps Temperature °F

31. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 31 Home Game Ticket Sales Average Per Game 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 2005200620072008200920102011 OtherStudentsFamiliesAlumniStaff

32. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 32 Using Bar Charts Show Relative Sizes Indicate Composition Show Changes Compare Items

33. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 33 CommuniCo Staff Computer Skills

34. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 34 CommuniCo Preferred Communication Media

35. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 35 CommuniCo Employee Training Costs Head Count Training Costs 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 200620072008200920102011 $0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 Head CountTraining Costs

36. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 36 Using Pie Charts Compare Segments Compare Segments Show Percentages Show Percentages Show Distribution Show Distribution

37. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 37 Percentage of Time Spent Online By Age Group

38. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 38 Data Visualization Data Limits Graphic Variety Data Complexity

39. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 39 Information, Concepts, and Ideas Flow ChartsOrganization Charts DrawingsMaps PhotographsDiagrams VideoAnimation

40. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 40 Flow Chart of the Report Writing Process Keyboard Input Keyboard Input First Hard Copy First Hard Copy Next Hard Copy Next Hard Copy Style and Spelling Style and Spelling Style and Spelling Style and Spelling Keyboard Input/Edit Keyboard Input/Edit Submit Report Submit Report Edit Add? OK? Yes No Yes Keyboard Input/Edit Keyboard Input/Edit

41. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 41 The Chain of Command District A District A District B District B District C District C District D District D District E District E District F District F District G District G Region 1 Region 1 Region 2 Region 2 Region 3 Region 3 Region 4 Region 4 Region 5 Region 5 Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Chief Executive Officer Chief Executive Officer Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President President

42. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 42 Maps as Visual Aids Online Resources Geographic Information Systems Geographic Information Systems Simple Maps Distribution Routes Market Territories Facilities Locations

43. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 43 Drawings and Diagrams Networks Processes Operations Procedures

44. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 44 Photographic Images Decorative Value Decorative Value Functional Value Functional Value Copyright Issues Copyright Issues Level of Detail Level of Detail Ethical Concerns Ethical Concerns

45. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 45 Animation and Video Shapes and Text Computer Animation Digital Video

46. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 46 Integrate Text and Visuals Maximize Access Minimize Disruption Reference Visuals Position Visuals Titles, Captions, Legends Balance Text & Visuals

47. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 47 Creating Visual Aids SoftwareTemplates StyleQuality

48. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 48 Verifying Visual Quality AccuracyAccuracy DocumentationDocumentation HonestyHonesty

49. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 49 Writing Business Reports and Proposals